BSN Advanced Pharmacology | Exam 2 Questions With Answers
and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
A patient prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension reports a persistent, dry, non- productive
cough. Which mechanism explains this side effect?
A. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
B. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
C. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
D. Increased secretion of aldosterone
Correct Answer: B. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the respiratory tract, which triggers a cough.
Question 2.
Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a patient experiencing acute
bronchospasm?
A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Ipratropium
D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: B. Albuterol
Explanation: Albuterol is a Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (SABA) that provides rapid
bronchodilation during acute asthma or COPD exacerbations.
Question 3.
When administering Digoxin, the nurse should monitor for which early sign of toxicity?
A. Anorexia and nausea
B. Peripheral edema
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A. Anorexia and nausea
Explanation: Early signs of Digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms like
anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, as well as visual disturbances like yellow-green halos.
, Question 4.
A patient is starting Warfarin therapy. What is the standard lab value used to monitor its
therapeutic effect?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
C. Serum creatinine
D. INR
Correct Answer: D. INR
Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard for monitoring
Warfarin, whereas aPTT is used for Heparin.
Question 5.
Which instruction should be given to a patient prescribed sublingual Nitroglycerin for
angina?
A. Take up to three doses, 5 minutes apart, and call 911 if pain persists
B. Discard the tablets if they cause a tingling sensation
C. Swallow the tablet with a full glass of water
D. Store the medication in a clear plastic container for easy access
Correct Answer: A. Take up to three doses, 5 minutes apart, and call 911 if pain
persists
Explanation: Patients should take one dose, wait 5 minutes, and if pain is not relieved,
call 911 and take a second (and third) dose every 5 minutes.
Question 6.
What is the mechanism of action for Metformin in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity
B. Increases glucose excretion through the kidneys
C. Stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin
D. Slows the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine
Correct Answer: A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin
sensitivity
Explanation: Metformin reduces glucose production in the liver and improves how the
body responds to insulin, without causing hypoglycemia.
and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
A patient prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension reports a persistent, dry, non- productive
cough. Which mechanism explains this side effect?
A. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
B. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
C. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
D. Increased secretion of aldosterone
Correct Answer: B. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the respiratory tract, which triggers a cough.
Question 2.
Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a patient experiencing acute
bronchospasm?
A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Ipratropium
D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: B. Albuterol
Explanation: Albuterol is a Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (SABA) that provides rapid
bronchodilation during acute asthma or COPD exacerbations.
Question 3.
When administering Digoxin, the nurse should monitor for which early sign of toxicity?
A. Anorexia and nausea
B. Peripheral edema
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A. Anorexia and nausea
Explanation: Early signs of Digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms like
anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, as well as visual disturbances like yellow-green halos.
, Question 4.
A patient is starting Warfarin therapy. What is the standard lab value used to monitor its
therapeutic effect?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
C. Serum creatinine
D. INR
Correct Answer: D. INR
Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard for monitoring
Warfarin, whereas aPTT is used for Heparin.
Question 5.
Which instruction should be given to a patient prescribed sublingual Nitroglycerin for
angina?
A. Take up to three doses, 5 minutes apart, and call 911 if pain persists
B. Discard the tablets if they cause a tingling sensation
C. Swallow the tablet with a full glass of water
D. Store the medication in a clear plastic container for easy access
Correct Answer: A. Take up to three doses, 5 minutes apart, and call 911 if pain
persists
Explanation: Patients should take one dose, wait 5 minutes, and if pain is not relieved,
call 911 and take a second (and third) dose every 5 minutes.
Question 6.
What is the mechanism of action for Metformin in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity
B. Increases glucose excretion through the kidneys
C. Stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin
D. Slows the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine
Correct Answer: A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin
sensitivity
Explanation: Metformin reduces glucose production in the liver and improves how the
body responds to insulin, without causing hypoglycemia.
