CLINICAL RESEARCH APPLICATIONS TO
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● Six steps to EBP
Answer: 1. Ask a clinical question
2. Collect the most relevant and best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence you gather
4. Integrate all evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient
preferences and values in making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate
6. Share outcomes of EBP changes with others
●● Ask a clinical question
Answer: • A problem or area of interest that could be performed more
efficiently, consumes healthcare dollars, or does not make sense
• A knowledge focused trigger
• Clinical trends
• Utilization of PICOT format to state your clinical question
●● Why should I use PICOT format to state my clinical question?
,Answer: • The questions you ask will eventually lead you to the
evidence for an answer
• You want to be able to read the BEST four-to-six articles that
specifically address your practice question
• The more focused a question you ask, the easier it becomes to search
for evidence in the scientific literature
●● PICOT question
Answer: *P* = Patient population of interest
*I* = Intervention of interest
*C* = Comparison of interest
*O* = Outcome
*T* = Time
●● Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes
Answer: • Search for evidence!
• *Evidence includes but is not limited to*: agency policy and procedure
manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines,
agency experts, staff educators, risk managers, infection control nurses,
and peer reviewed articles (specifically within the most recent 5 years
from the present date)
●● Critically appraise the evidence you gather
Answer: • The most difficult step in the EBP process
,• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can be
easily applied, and if there is enough evidence for making a nursing
practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
●● Integrate the evidence
Answer: • How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice
guidelines, policies and procedures, and new assessment documentation
tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
●● Evaluate and share outcomes
Answer: • Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care
providers (facility nursing practice council or research committee)
●● PICO four-step process
Answer: *P* - population of interest
*I* - intervention
*C* - comparison
*O* - outcome
, ●● Utilization of the research process
Answer: • Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
●● Identification of a researchable problem
Answer: • Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
●● Review of the literature
Answer: • Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● Six steps to EBP
Answer: 1. Ask a clinical question
2. Collect the most relevant and best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence you gather
4. Integrate all evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient
preferences and values in making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate
6. Share outcomes of EBP changes with others
●● Ask a clinical question
Answer: • A problem or area of interest that could be performed more
efficiently, consumes healthcare dollars, or does not make sense
• A knowledge focused trigger
• Clinical trends
• Utilization of PICOT format to state your clinical question
●● Why should I use PICOT format to state my clinical question?
,Answer: • The questions you ask will eventually lead you to the
evidence for an answer
• You want to be able to read the BEST four-to-six articles that
specifically address your practice question
• The more focused a question you ask, the easier it becomes to search
for evidence in the scientific literature
●● PICOT question
Answer: *P* = Patient population of interest
*I* = Intervention of interest
*C* = Comparison of interest
*O* = Outcome
*T* = Time
●● Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes
Answer: • Search for evidence!
• *Evidence includes but is not limited to*: agency policy and procedure
manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines,
agency experts, staff educators, risk managers, infection control nurses,
and peer reviewed articles (specifically within the most recent 5 years
from the present date)
●● Critically appraise the evidence you gather
Answer: • The most difficult step in the EBP process
,• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can be
easily applied, and if there is enough evidence for making a nursing
practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
●● Integrate the evidence
Answer: • How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice
guidelines, policies and procedures, and new assessment documentation
tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
●● Evaluate and share outcomes
Answer: • Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care
providers (facility nursing practice council or research committee)
●● PICO four-step process
Answer: *P* - population of interest
*I* - intervention
*C* - comparison
*O* - outcome
, ●● Utilization of the research process
Answer: • Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
●● Identification of a researchable problem
Answer: • Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
●● Review of the literature
Answer: • Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
