BIO 189 CSN EXAM 4 THWEATT | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, whats the structure of dna? Answer: double stranded helix
strands are anti-parallel
2 strands are held together by H bonds
bases are on the inside and phosphates are on the outside
uniform width
bases on the inside or outside? Answer: inside
phosphates on the inside or outside? Answer: outside
helicase Answer: unwinds double-stranded helix
SSBs (single stranded binding proteins) Answer: keeps DNA single stranded
DNA polymerase Answer: makes DNA 5'---3'
corrects any mistakes
primase Answer: primes the system
DNA ligase Answer: enzyme that chemically links Okazaki fragments together
lagging strand Answer: The strand in replication that is copied 3' to 5' as Okazaki fragments and
then joined up.
Topiosomerase Answer: relieves stress on DNA
leading strand Answer: strand that is synthesized continuously
endonuclease Answer: recognize a mistake and cut it out
telomerase Answer: replaces the ends of DNA to prevent it from getting shorter after replication
promoter Answer: DNA sequence where transcription begins and is bound by RNA polymerase
terminator Answer: where transcription ends
gene Answer: A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
transcription Answer: DNA to RNA
translation Answer: RNA to protein
What does RNA polymerase make? Answer: mRNA
where is transcription in eukaryotes? Answer: nucleus
where is translation in eukaryotes? Answer: cytoplasm
what happens in transcription initiation? Answer: RNA polymerase binds to a promoter site
(TATA box) then the remaining TFs bind
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, whats the structure of dna? Answer: double stranded helix
strands are anti-parallel
2 strands are held together by H bonds
bases are on the inside and phosphates are on the outside
uniform width
bases on the inside or outside? Answer: inside
phosphates on the inside or outside? Answer: outside
helicase Answer: unwinds double-stranded helix
SSBs (single stranded binding proteins) Answer: keeps DNA single stranded
DNA polymerase Answer: makes DNA 5'---3'
corrects any mistakes
primase Answer: primes the system
DNA ligase Answer: enzyme that chemically links Okazaki fragments together
lagging strand Answer: The strand in replication that is copied 3' to 5' as Okazaki fragments and
then joined up.
Topiosomerase Answer: relieves stress on DNA
leading strand Answer: strand that is synthesized continuously
endonuclease Answer: recognize a mistake and cut it out
telomerase Answer: replaces the ends of DNA to prevent it from getting shorter after replication
promoter Answer: DNA sequence where transcription begins and is bound by RNA polymerase
terminator Answer: where transcription ends
gene Answer: A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
transcription Answer: DNA to RNA
translation Answer: RNA to protein
What does RNA polymerase make? Answer: mRNA
where is transcription in eukaryotes? Answer: nucleus
where is translation in eukaryotes? Answer: cytoplasm
what happens in transcription initiation? Answer: RNA polymerase binds to a promoter site
(TATA box) then the remaining TFs bind
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
