CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND ASSESSMENT
OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ Perfusion.
Answer: movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation
◉ Diffusion.
Answer: movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low
concentration; oxygen diffuses out of alveoli into the blood; CO2
diffuses out of blood into the alveoli
◉ Type I cells.
Answer: gas exchange
◉ Type II cells.
Answer: surfactant
◉ Right lung.
Answer: contains 3 lobes: upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe
◉ Left lung.
,Answer: contains 2 lobes: upper lobe, lower lobe
◉ Cilia.
Answer: line the trachea and bronchi
◉ Accessory muscles for respiratory.
Answer: include scalene, trapezius, pectoralis major,
sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
◉ Bronchial artery system.
Answer: supplies oxygenated blood to the lungs and pleura
◉ Pulmonary artery system.
Answer: gas exchange; pulmonary artery trunk leaves right ventricle
with unoxygenated blood; pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
back to heart
◉ Normal VA/Q ratio.
Answer: 0.8 (4/5)*
◉ V/Q ratio.
Answer: ventilation (VA) 4L: min alveolar air flow; perfusion (Q) 5L:
min capillary blood flow
, ◉ HIGH V/Q ratio.
Answer: ventilated but not perfused; example: PULMONARY
EMBOLUS
◉ LOW V/Q ratio.
Answer: perfused but not ventilated
◉ V/Q shunt.
Answer: no ventilation; no responsive to O2 due to alveolar collapse;
example: ASTHMA, ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE, PNEUMONIA,
CHOKING
◉ Oxyhemoglobin curve.
Answer: describes the relationship between PaO2 and SaO2
◉ Shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin curve.
Answer: causes decreased oxygen saturation and availability
◉ Factors affecting ventilation.
Answer: include exercise, pH, pCO2, blood pressure, temperature
changes, low humidity
OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ Perfusion.
Answer: movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation
◉ Diffusion.
Answer: movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low
concentration; oxygen diffuses out of alveoli into the blood; CO2
diffuses out of blood into the alveoli
◉ Type I cells.
Answer: gas exchange
◉ Type II cells.
Answer: surfactant
◉ Right lung.
Answer: contains 3 lobes: upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe
◉ Left lung.
,Answer: contains 2 lobes: upper lobe, lower lobe
◉ Cilia.
Answer: line the trachea and bronchi
◉ Accessory muscles for respiratory.
Answer: include scalene, trapezius, pectoralis major,
sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
◉ Bronchial artery system.
Answer: supplies oxygenated blood to the lungs and pleura
◉ Pulmonary artery system.
Answer: gas exchange; pulmonary artery trunk leaves right ventricle
with unoxygenated blood; pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
back to heart
◉ Normal VA/Q ratio.
Answer: 0.8 (4/5)*
◉ V/Q ratio.
Answer: ventilation (VA) 4L: min alveolar air flow; perfusion (Q) 5L:
min capillary blood flow
, ◉ HIGH V/Q ratio.
Answer: ventilated but not perfused; example: PULMONARY
EMBOLUS
◉ LOW V/Q ratio.
Answer: perfused but not ventilated
◉ V/Q shunt.
Answer: no ventilation; no responsive to O2 due to alveolar collapse;
example: ASTHMA, ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE, PNEUMONIA,
CHOKING
◉ Oxyhemoglobin curve.
Answer: describes the relationship between PaO2 and SaO2
◉ Shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin curve.
Answer: causes decreased oxygen saturation and availability
◉ Factors affecting ventilation.
Answer: include exercise, pH, pCO2, blood pressure, temperature
changes, low humidity
