Micro 290 lab Final Exam
indicate three general methods you can kill germs & - physical (heat, radiation like UV rays)
example - biological (antibiotic & phage)
- chemical (alcohol & bleach)
which structure of microbes are mostly damaged by UV DNA
light?
what type of lesion UV makes in the DNA of bacteria and thymine dimers which lead to mutation in DNA
what does it lead to?
what is the most lethal form of UV light and what is its UV-C; 100-290 nm wavelength
wavelength?
indicate the wavelength of UV light emitted by germicidal 254 nm used for sterilization of air, surfaces, water, & operating rooms
lamp. give examples of type of material that these lamps
are commonly used for to kill germs (sterilization)
what happened to the bacteria when they were frozen? because endospores of bacteria are very resistant to many harsh conditions
explain the outcome and reason for each type of bacteria including heat, dryness, & UV light
after they were irritated, heated, & dried.
definition of antibiotics a type of antimicrobial agent that is made by a microorganism and kills or inhibit
other microorganisms
what does efficacy of an antibiotic mean and how is it it means how effectively the antibiotics is killing or inhibiting the microbe of our
measured? interest. it is tested by the kirby-bauer method which tests the sensitivity of
bacteria to antibiotics
what is the definition of 'zone of inhibition' and how does if antibiotics inhibits the growth of the organism, a clear circular area appears
it relate to the sensitivity of the microbes to the tested around the disk. the larger the diameter of the zone of inhibition, the more
antibiotic? effective the antibiotic is in killing the organism and a better choice for use in
patients that are suffering from infections by that organism
which antibiotics has the greatest zone of inhibition and C (largest clear ring) & B (smallest clear ring)
which one has the least?
which would be your first choice for treating your patient? C (largest clear ring)
if C is penicillin, and your patient is allergic to penicillin, D (second largest clear ring)
which antibiotic would you use?
which antibiotic would you not use? B (smallest clear ring)
what type of agar is commonly used for the kirby-bauer mueller-hinton agar
test?
what is the science of epidemiology? the study of causes, distribution and of disease in a population
outbreak sudden and unexpected start of an infectious disease in a specific geographical
area. for example, outbreak of food poising in a restaurant
, Micro 290 lab Final Exam
endemic disease regularly and unexpectedly found among particular people or in a certain
geographical area. for example, malaria found in sub-saharan africa is
considered due to the abundance of mosquitos (because of the climate) that
cause the disease
epidemic widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular
time beyond what is expected. example: yearly cases of flu in CA
pandemic multiple epidemics of the same disease throughout the world (in many countries)
at the same time. example: covid-19
indicate 3 ways that food that is provided to the public - improper processing
can be contaminated by harmful microbes? - improper storage & transport
- improper preparation & handling
what does CDC stand for? center for disease control & prevention
what are the main duties of the CDC in maintenance of - coordination of epidemiology of diseases in the US
public health - creating expertise, information, & tools that people and communities need to
protect their health
- promotion of health and prevention of diseases
- help preparedness of population members for new health threats
after watching the video for handwashing, describe the warm water & soap for 20 seconds (happy birthday song twice)
most appropriate way of washing hands to remove
germs property?
mannitol salt agar (MSA) is example of what type of selective & differential medium
medium?
what component of the mannitol salt agar (MSA) makes 7.5% salt which is much higher salt concentration than normal saline (0.9% salt)
it selective?
which category of organisms grow on high salt in MSA? halophiles
which category of bacteria grow on MSA and which gram-positives grow & gram-negatives do not
category do not?
what component of MSA makes it differential and what 2 mannitol (sugar alcohol) makes it differential. it differentiates between pathogenic
groups of bacteria get differentiated? and non pathogenic forms of Staphylococcus. example: S. aureus is highly
pathogenic & S. epidermis is not pathogenic.
in the video clip that you watched, which category of gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
gram-positive bacteria were tested in the MSA agar?
which category of staphylococci changed the color of S. aureus changed the color to yellow, but S. epidermis did not
MSA to yellow and which one did not?
which sites S. aureus and S. epidermidis may be found S. epidermis is found on the skin of 100% human population and S. aureus is
on human body? found in about 25% of human population around NARES (prefers moist surfaces)
indicate three general methods you can kill germs & - physical (heat, radiation like UV rays)
example - biological (antibiotic & phage)
- chemical (alcohol & bleach)
which structure of microbes are mostly damaged by UV DNA
light?
what type of lesion UV makes in the DNA of bacteria and thymine dimers which lead to mutation in DNA
what does it lead to?
what is the most lethal form of UV light and what is its UV-C; 100-290 nm wavelength
wavelength?
indicate the wavelength of UV light emitted by germicidal 254 nm used for sterilization of air, surfaces, water, & operating rooms
lamp. give examples of type of material that these lamps
are commonly used for to kill germs (sterilization)
what happened to the bacteria when they were frozen? because endospores of bacteria are very resistant to many harsh conditions
explain the outcome and reason for each type of bacteria including heat, dryness, & UV light
after they were irritated, heated, & dried.
definition of antibiotics a type of antimicrobial agent that is made by a microorganism and kills or inhibit
other microorganisms
what does efficacy of an antibiotic mean and how is it it means how effectively the antibiotics is killing or inhibiting the microbe of our
measured? interest. it is tested by the kirby-bauer method which tests the sensitivity of
bacteria to antibiotics
what is the definition of 'zone of inhibition' and how does if antibiotics inhibits the growth of the organism, a clear circular area appears
it relate to the sensitivity of the microbes to the tested around the disk. the larger the diameter of the zone of inhibition, the more
antibiotic? effective the antibiotic is in killing the organism and a better choice for use in
patients that are suffering from infections by that organism
which antibiotics has the greatest zone of inhibition and C (largest clear ring) & B (smallest clear ring)
which one has the least?
which would be your first choice for treating your patient? C (largest clear ring)
if C is penicillin, and your patient is allergic to penicillin, D (second largest clear ring)
which antibiotic would you use?
which antibiotic would you not use? B (smallest clear ring)
what type of agar is commonly used for the kirby-bauer mueller-hinton agar
test?
what is the science of epidemiology? the study of causes, distribution and of disease in a population
outbreak sudden and unexpected start of an infectious disease in a specific geographical
area. for example, outbreak of food poising in a restaurant
, Micro 290 lab Final Exam
endemic disease regularly and unexpectedly found among particular people or in a certain
geographical area. for example, malaria found in sub-saharan africa is
considered due to the abundance of mosquitos (because of the climate) that
cause the disease
epidemic widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular
time beyond what is expected. example: yearly cases of flu in CA
pandemic multiple epidemics of the same disease throughout the world (in many countries)
at the same time. example: covid-19
indicate 3 ways that food that is provided to the public - improper processing
can be contaminated by harmful microbes? - improper storage & transport
- improper preparation & handling
what does CDC stand for? center for disease control & prevention
what are the main duties of the CDC in maintenance of - coordination of epidemiology of diseases in the US
public health - creating expertise, information, & tools that people and communities need to
protect their health
- promotion of health and prevention of diseases
- help preparedness of population members for new health threats
after watching the video for handwashing, describe the warm water & soap for 20 seconds (happy birthday song twice)
most appropriate way of washing hands to remove
germs property?
mannitol salt agar (MSA) is example of what type of selective & differential medium
medium?
what component of the mannitol salt agar (MSA) makes 7.5% salt which is much higher salt concentration than normal saline (0.9% salt)
it selective?
which category of organisms grow on high salt in MSA? halophiles
which category of bacteria grow on MSA and which gram-positives grow & gram-negatives do not
category do not?
what component of MSA makes it differential and what 2 mannitol (sugar alcohol) makes it differential. it differentiates between pathogenic
groups of bacteria get differentiated? and non pathogenic forms of Staphylococcus. example: S. aureus is highly
pathogenic & S. epidermis is not pathogenic.
in the video clip that you watched, which category of gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
gram-positive bacteria were tested in the MSA agar?
which category of staphylococci changed the color of S. aureus changed the color to yellow, but S. epidermis did not
MSA to yellow and which one did not?
which sites S. aureus and S. epidermidis may be found S. epidermis is found on the skin of 100% human population and S. aureus is
on human body? found in about 25% of human population around NARES (prefers moist surfaces)
