NSG 5442 PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE EXAM3
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which finding in an infant with bronchiolitis requires the
most immediate intervention?
A. Mild rhinorrhea
B. Respiratory rate of 42/min
C. Poor feeding
D. Apnea with oxygen desaturation
Rationale: Apnea and oxygen desaturation indicate significant
respiratory compromise and require immediate assessment
and intervention.
2. The most common viral cause of bronchiolitis in infants is:
A. Influenza A
B. Adenovirus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D. Rhinovirus
Rationale: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis,
particularly in infants and young children.
3. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of croup?
,A. Drooling with tripod positioning
B. Expiratory wheezing
C. Barking cough with inspiratory stridor
D. Productive cough with crackles
Rationale: Viral croup classically produces a barking cough,
hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor caused by upper-airway
inflammation.
4. A child presents with drooling, muffled voice, and tripod
positioning. What is the priority?
A. Inspect the throat with a tongue depressor
B. Obtain a throat culture
C. Encourage oral fluids
D. Maintain the airway and arrange emergency evaluation
Rationale: These findings suggest possible epiglottitis or
another serious upper-airway obstruction. Agitating the child or
manipulating the airway can worsen obstruction.
5. Which medication is commonly used to reduce airway
inflammation in moderate-to-severe croup?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Albuterol
C. Dexamethasone
D. Diphenhydramine
,Rationale: Dexamethasone decreases airway edema and is a
standard treatment for croup.
6. Which finding is most consistent with asthma in a school-
age child?
A. Persistent inspiratory stridor
B. Recurrent episodes of wheezing and cough
C. Sudden unilateral absent breath sounds
D. Barking cough
Rationale: Asthma commonly presents with recurrent
wheezing, cough, chest tightness, and variable airflow
obstruction.
7. Which medication is considered a short-acting rescue
bronchodilator for acute asthma symptoms?
A. Montelukast
B. Fluticasone
C. Budesonide
D. Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta₂-agonist used for
rapid relief of bronchospasm.
8. A child uses albuterol several times every day for asthma
symptoms. What does this suggest?
, A. Excellent asthma control
B. Medication allergy
C. Inadequate asthma control requiring reassessment
D. Normal developmental behavior
Rationale: Frequent reliance on a rescue inhaler suggests poor
control and the need to reassess triggers, adherence, inhaler
technique, and controller therapy.
9. Which technique should be taught to a young child using a
metered-dose inhaler?
A. Spray medication directly into the mouth without inhaling
B. Hold the inhaler several inches away without a spacer
C. Use a spacer/valved holding chamber when appropriate
D. Inhale only after swallowing the medication
Rationale: A spacer improves delivery of inhaled medication to
the lower airways and is especially helpful for young children.
10. Which symptom is most concerning in a child with
pneumonia?
A. Mild cough
B. Low-grade fever
C. Decreased appetite
D. Increased work of breathing
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which finding in an infant with bronchiolitis requires the
most immediate intervention?
A. Mild rhinorrhea
B. Respiratory rate of 42/min
C. Poor feeding
D. Apnea with oxygen desaturation
Rationale: Apnea and oxygen desaturation indicate significant
respiratory compromise and require immediate assessment
and intervention.
2. The most common viral cause of bronchiolitis in infants is:
A. Influenza A
B. Adenovirus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D. Rhinovirus
Rationale: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis,
particularly in infants and young children.
3. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of croup?
,A. Drooling with tripod positioning
B. Expiratory wheezing
C. Barking cough with inspiratory stridor
D. Productive cough with crackles
Rationale: Viral croup classically produces a barking cough,
hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor caused by upper-airway
inflammation.
4. A child presents with drooling, muffled voice, and tripod
positioning. What is the priority?
A. Inspect the throat with a tongue depressor
B. Obtain a throat culture
C. Encourage oral fluids
D. Maintain the airway and arrange emergency evaluation
Rationale: These findings suggest possible epiglottitis or
another serious upper-airway obstruction. Agitating the child or
manipulating the airway can worsen obstruction.
5. Which medication is commonly used to reduce airway
inflammation in moderate-to-severe croup?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Albuterol
C. Dexamethasone
D. Diphenhydramine
,Rationale: Dexamethasone decreases airway edema and is a
standard treatment for croup.
6. Which finding is most consistent with asthma in a school-
age child?
A. Persistent inspiratory stridor
B. Recurrent episodes of wheezing and cough
C. Sudden unilateral absent breath sounds
D. Barking cough
Rationale: Asthma commonly presents with recurrent
wheezing, cough, chest tightness, and variable airflow
obstruction.
7. Which medication is considered a short-acting rescue
bronchodilator for acute asthma symptoms?
A. Montelukast
B. Fluticasone
C. Budesonide
D. Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta₂-agonist used for
rapid relief of bronchospasm.
8. A child uses albuterol several times every day for asthma
symptoms. What does this suggest?
, A. Excellent asthma control
B. Medication allergy
C. Inadequate asthma control requiring reassessment
D. Normal developmental behavior
Rationale: Frequent reliance on a rescue inhaler suggests poor
control and the need to reassess triggers, adherence, inhaler
technique, and controller therapy.
9. Which technique should be taught to a young child using a
metered-dose inhaler?
A. Spray medication directly into the mouth without inhaling
B. Hold the inhaler several inches away without a spacer
C. Use a spacer/valved holding chamber when appropriate
D. Inhale only after swallowing the medication
Rationale: A spacer improves delivery of inhaled medication to
the lower airways and is especially helpful for young children.
10. Which symptom is most concerning in a child with
pneumonia?
A. Mild cough
B. Low-grade fever
C. Decreased appetite
D. Increased work of breathing
