CIVIL ENGINEERING FINAL EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Venturi meter.
Answer: A device that measures fluid flow by constricting the flow
area, causing changes in pressure head.
◉ Indirect methods of flow measurements.
Answer: Techniques used in Civil Engineering to measure flow
without direct measurement, often due to practical constraints.
◉ Rotameter.
Answer: A device that measures flow rate by balancing the upward
kinetic forces of fluid against gravitational forces.
◉ Orifice plate.
Answer: A device that measures flow rate by creating a pressure
drop due to a change in cross-sectional area.
◉ Manometer.
Answer: An instrument used to measure the pressure head of a fluid.
, ◉ Minor losses.
Answer: Losses in fluid flow due to fittings, bends, or changes in
diameter that are not due to friction.
◉ Sudden expansion.
Answer: A flow condition where fluid moves from a smaller pipe to a
larger pipe, often causing turbulence and energy loss.
◉ Sudden contraction.
Answer: A flow condition where fluid moves from a larger pipe to a
smaller pipe, which can cause increased velocity and turbulence.
◉ Conservation of momentum.
Answer: A principle stating that the momentum lost by a jet of water
hitting a surface equals the momentum gained by the surface.
◉ Newton's first law.
Answer: A law that states an object at rest stays at rest and an object
in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.
◉ Friction loss.
Answer: The loss of pressure due to the friction between the fluid
and the walls of the pipe.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Venturi meter.
Answer: A device that measures fluid flow by constricting the flow
area, causing changes in pressure head.
◉ Indirect methods of flow measurements.
Answer: Techniques used in Civil Engineering to measure flow
without direct measurement, often due to practical constraints.
◉ Rotameter.
Answer: A device that measures flow rate by balancing the upward
kinetic forces of fluid against gravitational forces.
◉ Orifice plate.
Answer: A device that measures flow rate by creating a pressure
drop due to a change in cross-sectional area.
◉ Manometer.
Answer: An instrument used to measure the pressure head of a fluid.
, ◉ Minor losses.
Answer: Losses in fluid flow due to fittings, bends, or changes in
diameter that are not due to friction.
◉ Sudden expansion.
Answer: A flow condition where fluid moves from a smaller pipe to a
larger pipe, often causing turbulence and energy loss.
◉ Sudden contraction.
Answer: A flow condition where fluid moves from a larger pipe to a
smaller pipe, which can cause increased velocity and turbulence.
◉ Conservation of momentum.
Answer: A principle stating that the momentum lost by a jet of water
hitting a surface equals the momentum gained by the surface.
◉ Newton's first law.
Answer: A law that states an object at rest stays at rest and an object
in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.
◉ Friction loss.
Answer: The loss of pressure due to the friction between the fluid
and the walls of the pipe.
