CITI TRAINING COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip?
A. Internal rotation
B. Lateral rotation
C. Adduction
D. Flexion
E. Extension
F. A&D
G. B&E.
Answer: F. A&D
◍ Use the figure answer the following five questions:1. Which muscle is the
prime mover of adduction, flexion and inward rotation of the humerus?
(specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)2.
Which muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? (specify letter
on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)3. What is the name
of muscle C?4. What is the innervation of muscle C?5. What is the origin of
muscle E?.
Answer: 1. A. Deltoid Muscle is the prime mover of adduction, flexion, and
inward rotation of the humerus.2. G. Coracobrachialis is innervated by the
musculocutaneous nerve.3. C. Right Supraspinatus4. C. Suprascapular
Nerve (Innervation)5. E. Inferior Angle of Scapula (Orgin) of Teres Major
◍ Use the figure to label the following six muscles: (Viewed posteriorly)A:
______________C: ______________D: ______________F:
_______________H: ______________I: _______________.
Answer: A: Right Extensor Carpi Radialis LongusC: Extensor DigitorumD:
, Extensor Carpi UlnarisF: Right Abductor Pollcis LongusH: Extensor
IndicisI: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
◍ Use the figure to label the following six muscles:D: _______________E:
_______________F: _______________G: _______________H:
_______________I: ________________.
Answer: D: Peroneus LongusE: SoleusF: Tibialis PosteriorG: Flexor
Digitorum LongusH: Flexor Hallucis LongusI: Peroneus Brevis
◍ Answer the following essay question:Describe how acetylcholine, sodium
ions and calcium ions work together to enable a muscle contraction..
Answer: Acetylcholine (a special chemical called a neurotransmitter) is
released from a motor nerve at the neuromuscular junction (or
NMJ).Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber that cause
sodium channels to open. Sodium ions rush inside the cell, triggering an
action potential which eventually reaches the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the
muscle cell, causing a muscle contraction to occur.
◍ Explain two reasons why a woman with low levels of LH would not be able
to become pregnant..
Answer: 1. LH acts on the ovary to cause ovulation to occur. 2. LH causes
progesterone release to facilitate potential fertilization of the egg and
pregnancy. Progesterone is a key hormone for the maintenance of
pregnancy.
◍ Would you expect a female to have testosterone in their bloodstream?
Explain why or why not..
Answer: 1. Yes, both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex
hormones; however, the ratios are different. 2. The adrenal glands are
largely responsible for producing this "opposite" hormone that ovaries
would not.
◍ Label the endocrine glands (A-D)A: ______________B:
______________C: ______________D: ______________.
Answer: A: ThyroidB: Adrenal GlandC: KidneyD: Pancreas(Module 6)
, ◍ Explain the concept of positive feedback. Give an example of a hormone
that works through positive feedback..
Answer: 1. Positive feedback is the action of a hormone increasing the
production of that hormone. (This is the opposite of negative feedback).2.
One example is the action of the oxytocin causing the uterus to contract
during labor; also, oxytocin enhances the effect of the uterus contractions,
causing more oxytocin to be released. The positive feedback loop is halted
once the baby is born and the uterus is no longer needing to contract,
stopping the production of oxytocin.
◍ This type of hormone is derived from proteins:.
Answer: Peptide hormones
◍ Growth hormone______.
Answer: B. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
◍ Neurosecretory cells are a part of what endocrine organ?.
Answer: Hypothalamus
◍ Which hormone production is increased with sunlight?.
Answer: MSH -melanocyte stimulating hormone
◍ The posterior pituitary stores these two hormones:.
Answer: ADH and Oxytocin
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I lower the level
of calcium in the blood by depositing calcium into bone..
Answer: Calcitonin
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid..
Answer: TSH or Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
the pituitary to stimulate the adrenal cortex..
Answer: ACTH or Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip?
A. Internal rotation
B. Lateral rotation
C. Adduction
D. Flexion
E. Extension
F. A&D
G. B&E.
Answer: F. A&D
◍ Use the figure answer the following five questions:1. Which muscle is the
prime mover of adduction, flexion and inward rotation of the humerus?
(specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)2.
Which muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? (specify letter
on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)3. What is the name
of muscle C?4. What is the innervation of muscle C?5. What is the origin of
muscle E?.
Answer: 1. A. Deltoid Muscle is the prime mover of adduction, flexion, and
inward rotation of the humerus.2. G. Coracobrachialis is innervated by the
musculocutaneous nerve.3. C. Right Supraspinatus4. C. Suprascapular
Nerve (Innervation)5. E. Inferior Angle of Scapula (Orgin) of Teres Major
◍ Use the figure to label the following six muscles: (Viewed posteriorly)A:
______________C: ______________D: ______________F:
_______________H: ______________I: _______________.
Answer: A: Right Extensor Carpi Radialis LongusC: Extensor DigitorumD:
, Extensor Carpi UlnarisF: Right Abductor Pollcis LongusH: Extensor
IndicisI: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
◍ Use the figure to label the following six muscles:D: _______________E:
_______________F: _______________G: _______________H:
_______________I: ________________.
Answer: D: Peroneus LongusE: SoleusF: Tibialis PosteriorG: Flexor
Digitorum LongusH: Flexor Hallucis LongusI: Peroneus Brevis
◍ Answer the following essay question:Describe how acetylcholine, sodium
ions and calcium ions work together to enable a muscle contraction..
Answer: Acetylcholine (a special chemical called a neurotransmitter) is
released from a motor nerve at the neuromuscular junction (or
NMJ).Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber that cause
sodium channels to open. Sodium ions rush inside the cell, triggering an
action potential which eventually reaches the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the
muscle cell, causing a muscle contraction to occur.
◍ Explain two reasons why a woman with low levels of LH would not be able
to become pregnant..
Answer: 1. LH acts on the ovary to cause ovulation to occur. 2. LH causes
progesterone release to facilitate potential fertilization of the egg and
pregnancy. Progesterone is a key hormone for the maintenance of
pregnancy.
◍ Would you expect a female to have testosterone in their bloodstream?
Explain why or why not..
Answer: 1. Yes, both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex
hormones; however, the ratios are different. 2. The adrenal glands are
largely responsible for producing this "opposite" hormone that ovaries
would not.
◍ Label the endocrine glands (A-D)A: ______________B:
______________C: ______________D: ______________.
Answer: A: ThyroidB: Adrenal GlandC: KidneyD: Pancreas(Module 6)
, ◍ Explain the concept of positive feedback. Give an example of a hormone
that works through positive feedback..
Answer: 1. Positive feedback is the action of a hormone increasing the
production of that hormone. (This is the opposite of negative feedback).2.
One example is the action of the oxytocin causing the uterus to contract
during labor; also, oxytocin enhances the effect of the uterus contractions,
causing more oxytocin to be released. The positive feedback loop is halted
once the baby is born and the uterus is no longer needing to contract,
stopping the production of oxytocin.
◍ This type of hormone is derived from proteins:.
Answer: Peptide hormones
◍ Growth hormone______.
Answer: B. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
◍ Neurosecretory cells are a part of what endocrine organ?.
Answer: Hypothalamus
◍ Which hormone production is increased with sunlight?.
Answer: MSH -melanocyte stimulating hormone
◍ The posterior pituitary stores these two hormones:.
Answer: ADH and Oxytocin
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I lower the level
of calcium in the blood by depositing calcium into bone..
Answer: Calcitonin
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid..
Answer: TSH or Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
the pituitary to stimulate the adrenal cortex..
Answer: ACTH or Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
◍ List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:I am secreted by
