N432 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Definition of a population - Answers Groups of people who may or may not interact with each other
but who share common health outcomes or are at risk for poor health outcomes.
Aims of Healthy People 2030 - Answers To attain healthy, thriving lives free of preventable disease,
injury, and premature death; eliminate health disparities; and promote well-being across all life
stages.
3 core functions of public health - Answers Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance.
Definition of health outcome - Answers Anything indicating health or well-being of a population,
including measures like cardiovascular disease, HIV, depression, infant mortality, etc.
Definition of population health - Answers Greatest possible biologic, psychological, and social well-
being of the total population and its members.
Role of population health nurse - Answers Advocate for clients, determine effective advocacy points,
collect facts, present cases to decision makers, support client decisions even if counter to health
interests.
Definition of microaggressions - Answers Unintentional, quick discriminatory statements or actions
based on dominant culture ideology.
Definition of prejudice - Answers Beliefs about groups of people based on characteristics that make
one group seem better than another.
Definition of structural racism - Answers Institutional patterns that burden one race while benefiting
another.
Definition of systemic racism - Answers Deep-seated inequality and antiblack ideologies throughout
society.
Definition of discrimination - Answers Actions based on prejudiced beliefs that result in unequal
treatment or systemic advantages.
Definition of intersectionality - Answers Ways that class, race, gender, sexuality, etc. intersect to
shape lived experiences.
Strategies to address implicit bias - Answers Identify biases; use counter-stereotypic imaging,
emotional regulation, individuation.
Culturally safe care for LGBTQIA+ - Answers Use partnerships, personal ADLs, prevention of harm,
patient centering, purposeful self-reflection.
Definition of epidemiology - Answers Study of distribution and causes of health outcomes to prevent
or lessen health problems.
Definition of causality - Answers Link between contributing factors and resulting health outcomes.
Morbidity vs Mortality vs Case Fatality - Answers Morbidity = extent of disease; Mortality = deaths;
Case fatality = proportion who die from a specific condition.
Definition of surveillance - Answers Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of
health data to protect public health.
Incidence vs Prevalence - Answers Incidence = new cases (risk); Prevalence = total cases (burden).
Where to find surveillance data - Answers www.countyhealthranking.org
Types of immunity - Answers Herd, natural, and acquired immunity (active or passive).
Chain of infection components - Answers Reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host.
Modes of transmission - Answers Airborne, foodborne, waterborne, vector-borne, direct contact.
Stages of infection - Answers Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Convalescent.
Steps of community health assessment - Answers Data collection, analysis, community engagement,
health prioritization, implementation planning, evaluation.
Primary data - Answers Collected directly from the patient (e.g., symptoms, feelings, medical history).
Secondary data - Answers Collected by others (e.g., EHRs, surveys).
Quantitative vs Qualitative data - Answers Quantitative = numerical (BP, weight); Qualitative =
descriptive (perceptions, experiences).
Data collection methods - Answers Key informant interviews, focus groups, surveys, participant
observation, windshield survey, ethnographic study.
Definition of community empowerment - Answers Enables communities to identify and act on health
problems; increases capacity and competence.
Definition of a population - Answers Groups of people who may or may not interact with each other
but who share common health outcomes or are at risk for poor health outcomes.
Aims of Healthy People 2030 - Answers To attain healthy, thriving lives free of preventable disease,
injury, and premature death; eliminate health disparities; and promote well-being across all life
stages.
3 core functions of public health - Answers Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance.
Definition of health outcome - Answers Anything indicating health or well-being of a population,
including measures like cardiovascular disease, HIV, depression, infant mortality, etc.
Definition of population health - Answers Greatest possible biologic, psychological, and social well-
being of the total population and its members.
Role of population health nurse - Answers Advocate for clients, determine effective advocacy points,
collect facts, present cases to decision makers, support client decisions even if counter to health
interests.
Definition of microaggressions - Answers Unintentional, quick discriminatory statements or actions
based on dominant culture ideology.
Definition of prejudice - Answers Beliefs about groups of people based on characteristics that make
one group seem better than another.
Definition of structural racism - Answers Institutional patterns that burden one race while benefiting
another.
Definition of systemic racism - Answers Deep-seated inequality and antiblack ideologies throughout
society.
Definition of discrimination - Answers Actions based on prejudiced beliefs that result in unequal
treatment or systemic advantages.
Definition of intersectionality - Answers Ways that class, race, gender, sexuality, etc. intersect to
shape lived experiences.
Strategies to address implicit bias - Answers Identify biases; use counter-stereotypic imaging,
emotional regulation, individuation.
Culturally safe care for LGBTQIA+ - Answers Use partnerships, personal ADLs, prevention of harm,
patient centering, purposeful self-reflection.
Definition of epidemiology - Answers Study of distribution and causes of health outcomes to prevent
or lessen health problems.
Definition of causality - Answers Link between contributing factors and resulting health outcomes.
Morbidity vs Mortality vs Case Fatality - Answers Morbidity = extent of disease; Mortality = deaths;
Case fatality = proportion who die from a specific condition.
Definition of surveillance - Answers Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of
health data to protect public health.
Incidence vs Prevalence - Answers Incidence = new cases (risk); Prevalence = total cases (burden).
Where to find surveillance data - Answers www.countyhealthranking.org
Types of immunity - Answers Herd, natural, and acquired immunity (active or passive).
Chain of infection components - Answers Reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host.
Modes of transmission - Answers Airborne, foodborne, waterborne, vector-borne, direct contact.
Stages of infection - Answers Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Convalescent.
Steps of community health assessment - Answers Data collection, analysis, community engagement,
health prioritization, implementation planning, evaluation.
Primary data - Answers Collected directly from the patient (e.g., symptoms, feelings, medical history).
Secondary data - Answers Collected by others (e.g., EHRs, surveys).
Quantitative vs Qualitative data - Answers Quantitative = numerical (BP, weight); Qualitative =
descriptive (perceptions, experiences).
Data collection methods - Answers Key informant interviews, focus groups, surveys, participant
observation, windshield survey, ethnographic study.
Definition of community empowerment - Answers Enables communities to identify and act on health
problems; increases capacity and competence.
