MCN EXAM 4 2026 NEONATAL
RESUSCITATION APGAR EVALUATION AND
NEWBORN CRITICAL CARE PRACTICE SET
◉ signs and symptoms of Clubfoot
Answer: Pointed foot due to short Achilles tendon
Foot turned in + under
Ankle + foot bones all present but misaligned
◉ Clubfoot diangosis, treatment, and nursing considerations
Answer: Diagnosis:
Prenatal ultrasound
Clinical exam
Treatment:
Goal: reduce or eliminate all components of the deformity so foot is
functional, structural, mobile, + pain-free
Nonoperative:
,Ponseti casting >> weekly, gentle stretching + manipulation of
misaligned bones followed by application of long-leg plaster cast for
6-8 weeks
French physiotherapy >> inpatient daily sequential stretching,
strengthening, + mobilization of foot followed by taping + splitting
for 3 months
Nursing Considerations:
Education + anticipatory guidance
◉ Parents bring their 2-week-old infant to a clinic for treatment
after a diagnosis of clubfoot made at birth. Which statement by the
parents indicates a need for further teaching regarding this
disorder?
a) "Treatment needs to be started as soon as possible."
b) "I realize my infant will require follow-up care until fully grown."
c) "I need to bring my infant back to the clinic in 1 month for a new
cast."
d) "I need to come to the clinic every week with my infant for the
casting.
Answer: C. I need to bring my infant back to the clinic in 1 month for
a new cast.
,Clubfoot is a complex deformity of the ankle and foot that includes
forefoot adduction, midfoot supination, hindfoot varus, and ankle
equinus; the defect may be unilateral or bilateral. Treatment for
clubfoot is started as soon as possible after birth. Serial
manipulation and casting are performed at least weekly. if sufficient
correction is not achieved in 3-6 months, surgery usually is
indicated. Because clubfoot can recur, all children with clubfoot
require long-term interval follow-up until they reach skeletal
maturity to ensure an optimal outcome.
◉ Signs and sypmtoms of JIA
Answer: Vary based on subtype
Persistent joint swelling in 1 or more joints for 6 weeks
Stiff, swollen, warm, + erythematous joints with limited ROM
Stiffness worse in morning/after rest >>
"gel phenomenon"
May have concurrent Uveitis (inflammation of one of your corneal
layers in the eye )
◉ Clinical manifestations of muscualr dystrophies
Answer: Duchenne:
Progressive, symmetric muscle wasting + weakness without loss of
sensation after walking(3-7 years)
-Gower maneuver to rise from floor
, -Waddling, wide-based gait
- Calf, pelvic, + shoulder muscles weak but hypertrophied
- Hip/knee contractures, foot deformities, scoliosis, + lordosis
-Lose ability to walk: 9-12 years
- Associated manifestations:
Moderate obesity, cognitive disability, cardiomyopathy, + shortened
life span
Other forms of muscular dystrophy: cardiopulmonary + endocrine
system, eyes, +other organs
◉ Gower Maneuver picture
Answer:
◉ Muscular Dystrophies diagnosis and treatment
Answer: Diagnosis:
Genetic testing
Creatinine kinase levels increased in early stages then decrease
Electromyography + muscle biopsy
Treatment:
Goal:
RESUSCITATION APGAR EVALUATION AND
NEWBORN CRITICAL CARE PRACTICE SET
◉ signs and symptoms of Clubfoot
Answer: Pointed foot due to short Achilles tendon
Foot turned in + under
Ankle + foot bones all present but misaligned
◉ Clubfoot diangosis, treatment, and nursing considerations
Answer: Diagnosis:
Prenatal ultrasound
Clinical exam
Treatment:
Goal: reduce or eliminate all components of the deformity so foot is
functional, structural, mobile, + pain-free
Nonoperative:
,Ponseti casting >> weekly, gentle stretching + manipulation of
misaligned bones followed by application of long-leg plaster cast for
6-8 weeks
French physiotherapy >> inpatient daily sequential stretching,
strengthening, + mobilization of foot followed by taping + splitting
for 3 months
Nursing Considerations:
Education + anticipatory guidance
◉ Parents bring their 2-week-old infant to a clinic for treatment
after a diagnosis of clubfoot made at birth. Which statement by the
parents indicates a need for further teaching regarding this
disorder?
a) "Treatment needs to be started as soon as possible."
b) "I realize my infant will require follow-up care until fully grown."
c) "I need to bring my infant back to the clinic in 1 month for a new
cast."
d) "I need to come to the clinic every week with my infant for the
casting.
Answer: C. I need to bring my infant back to the clinic in 1 month for
a new cast.
,Clubfoot is a complex deformity of the ankle and foot that includes
forefoot adduction, midfoot supination, hindfoot varus, and ankle
equinus; the defect may be unilateral or bilateral. Treatment for
clubfoot is started as soon as possible after birth. Serial
manipulation and casting are performed at least weekly. if sufficient
correction is not achieved in 3-6 months, surgery usually is
indicated. Because clubfoot can recur, all children with clubfoot
require long-term interval follow-up until they reach skeletal
maturity to ensure an optimal outcome.
◉ Signs and sypmtoms of JIA
Answer: Vary based on subtype
Persistent joint swelling in 1 or more joints for 6 weeks
Stiff, swollen, warm, + erythematous joints with limited ROM
Stiffness worse in morning/after rest >>
"gel phenomenon"
May have concurrent Uveitis (inflammation of one of your corneal
layers in the eye )
◉ Clinical manifestations of muscualr dystrophies
Answer: Duchenne:
Progressive, symmetric muscle wasting + weakness without loss of
sensation after walking(3-7 years)
-Gower maneuver to rise from floor
, -Waddling, wide-based gait
- Calf, pelvic, + shoulder muscles weak but hypertrophied
- Hip/knee contractures, foot deformities, scoliosis, + lordosis
-Lose ability to walk: 9-12 years
- Associated manifestations:
Moderate obesity, cognitive disability, cardiomyopathy, + shortened
life span
Other forms of muscular dystrophy: cardiopulmonary + endocrine
system, eyes, +other organs
◉ Gower Maneuver picture
Answer:
◉ Muscular Dystrophies diagnosis and treatment
Answer: Diagnosis:
Genetic testing
Creatinine kinase levels increased in early stages then decrease
Electromyography + muscle biopsy
Treatment:
Goal:
