MCB 150 2026 MICROBIAL BIOLOGY AND
PROKARYOTIC SYSTEMS MODULE
STRUCTURED REVIEW QUESTIONS
◉ Prokaryotes
Answer: Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
◉ Archaea
Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that
do not contain peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
◉ Eukaryotes
Answer: Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
,-extensive cytoskeleton
◉ Central Dogma
Answer: DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
◉ Bacteria
Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan
◉ Covalent bond
Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
◉ Ionic bonds
Answer: Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from
one atom to another
◉ Macromolecules
Answer: any large molecules made up of smaller molecules
(monomers) joined together into a polymer
, ◉ Condensation reactions
Answer: a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
◉ Hydrolysis
Answer: Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition
of water
◉ Nucleoid
Answer: A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
◉ Plasmids
Answer: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from
the bacterial chromosome
◉ Ribosomes
Answer: site of protein synthesis
◉ Cytoskeleton
Answer: A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
PROKARYOTIC SYSTEMS MODULE
STRUCTURED REVIEW QUESTIONS
◉ Prokaryotes
Answer: Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
◉ Archaea
Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that
do not contain peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
◉ Eukaryotes
Answer: Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
,-extensive cytoskeleton
◉ Central Dogma
Answer: DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
◉ Bacteria
Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan
◉ Covalent bond
Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
◉ Ionic bonds
Answer: Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from
one atom to another
◉ Macromolecules
Answer: any large molecules made up of smaller molecules
(monomers) joined together into a polymer
, ◉ Condensation reactions
Answer: a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
◉ Hydrolysis
Answer: Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition
of water
◉ Nucleoid
Answer: A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
◉ Plasmids
Answer: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from
the bacterial chromosome
◉ Ribosomes
Answer: site of protein synthesis
◉ Cytoskeleton
Answer: A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
