TEXES LIFE SCIENCE 7-12
CERTICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026/2027 ALREADY
GRADED A+ .
,Quantitative observations: Observations that can be measured Number, length, mass, volume, etc
1. Qualitative observations: Observations that cannot be measured Color, shape, texture, etc
2. Hypothesis: A testable proposition that scientists can use as the basis for an investigation If it cannot be tested scientifically, then it is not a
hypothesis
Propose an explaination of observed natural phenomenon
3. Mathematical biology: Rooted in multifaceted mathematical models inspired by complex biological processes
4. Theoretical biology: Develops and uses data from the mathematical models to develop theoretical assessments of biological processes
5. What is the first law of thermodynamics state?: That energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred
6. How are scientific laws distinguished from facts?: By their durability (or ability to stay constant over time)
Facts are the observations themselves, they are never considered final proof
Scientific laws are a generalized description of natural phenomena over time based on multiple observations
7. Cell theory: States that all living things are made up of cells Cells can only come from other
cells
Robert Hooke used a microscope to identify, describe, and name cells
8. Germ theory: Microorganisms, "germs", were found everywhere and contributed to both food spoilage and disease
Work of Louis Pasteur
Confirmed the cell theory that cells only come from other cells
9. What are the driving forces of evolution ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Descent with modification and natural selection Work of Charles
Darwin
10. Structure of genetic material:: Hershey and Chase - initially confirmed that DNA comprises the genetic material of cells
Watson and Crick - revealed that the structure of DNA is a double helix (based ott the work of Franklin)
11. Carl Linnaeus: Developed the hierarchal system
Grouped species into seven levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species)
, 12. Carl Woese: Modified Linnaeus' hierarchal system
Redrew the taxonomic tree, added "domain" to the top of the classification system
13. Precision: Refers to how close repeated values are to one another (On a target, all the holes are right
next to each other)
14. Accuracy: Refers to how close a measured value is to the true value (On a target, all of the holes are
within the same ring)
15. What are the seven SI units ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole
16. What are significant figures ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER The non zero numbers, the zeros between them, and the final zero
17. Linear scale: Shows equal values using equal divisions Waves or mechanical
motion
18. Logarithmic scale: Nonlinear , units are written in powers of 10 Richter scale, entropy, and the
decibel unit used to measure sound
19. Crucibles: When heating things at very high temperatures, this is the best thing to use because they are resistant to the high temperatures
20. What composes the nucleus of an atom ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Protons - positively charged
Neutrons - neutrally charged
21. Electrons: Negatively charged particles within the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
22. Atomic number ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the number of protons in the nucleus
23. Mass number ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
24. Ionic bond ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Forms when one atom DONATES an electron to another atom
25. Cation ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER
Positively charged Loses its electron - donates
it
26. Anion ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER
Negatively charged Gains an electron - accepts
it
27. Covalent bond ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Stronger of the two main chemical
bonds Form when two atoms SHARE electrons
28. Organic molecules ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Molecule contains carbon and hydrogen atoms
CERTICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026/2027 ALREADY
GRADED A+ .
,Quantitative observations: Observations that can be measured Number, length, mass, volume, etc
1. Qualitative observations: Observations that cannot be measured Color, shape, texture, etc
2. Hypothesis: A testable proposition that scientists can use as the basis for an investigation If it cannot be tested scientifically, then it is not a
hypothesis
Propose an explaination of observed natural phenomenon
3. Mathematical biology: Rooted in multifaceted mathematical models inspired by complex biological processes
4. Theoretical biology: Develops and uses data from the mathematical models to develop theoretical assessments of biological processes
5. What is the first law of thermodynamics state?: That energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred
6. How are scientific laws distinguished from facts?: By their durability (or ability to stay constant over time)
Facts are the observations themselves, they are never considered final proof
Scientific laws are a generalized description of natural phenomena over time based on multiple observations
7. Cell theory: States that all living things are made up of cells Cells can only come from other
cells
Robert Hooke used a microscope to identify, describe, and name cells
8. Germ theory: Microorganisms, "germs", were found everywhere and contributed to both food spoilage and disease
Work of Louis Pasteur
Confirmed the cell theory that cells only come from other cells
9. What are the driving forces of evolution ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Descent with modification and natural selection Work of Charles
Darwin
10. Structure of genetic material:: Hershey and Chase - initially confirmed that DNA comprises the genetic material of cells
Watson and Crick - revealed that the structure of DNA is a double helix (based ott the work of Franklin)
11. Carl Linnaeus: Developed the hierarchal system
Grouped species into seven levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species)
, 12. Carl Woese: Modified Linnaeus' hierarchal system
Redrew the taxonomic tree, added "domain" to the top of the classification system
13. Precision: Refers to how close repeated values are to one another (On a target, all the holes are right
next to each other)
14. Accuracy: Refers to how close a measured value is to the true value (On a target, all of the holes are
within the same ring)
15. What are the seven SI units ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole
16. What are significant figures ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER The non zero numbers, the zeros between them, and the final zero
17. Linear scale: Shows equal values using equal divisions Waves or mechanical
motion
18. Logarithmic scale: Nonlinear , units are written in powers of 10 Richter scale, entropy, and the
decibel unit used to measure sound
19. Crucibles: When heating things at very high temperatures, this is the best thing to use because they are resistant to the high temperatures
20. What composes the nucleus of an atom ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Protons - positively charged
Neutrons - neutrally charged
21. Electrons: Negatively charged particles within the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
22. Atomic number ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the number of protons in the nucleus
23. Mass number ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
24. Ionic bond ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Forms when one atom DONATES an electron to another atom
25. Cation ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER
Positively charged Loses its electron - donates
it
26. Anion ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER
Negatively charged Gains an electron - accepts
it
27. Covalent bond ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Stronger of the two main chemical
bonds Form when two atoms SHARE electrons
28. Organic molecules ✓✓ CORRECT ANSWER Molecule contains carbon and hydrogen atoms
