NSG 3280 - EXAM 3 (NEURO) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS NEWEST | ALREADY GRADED
A+/NEWEST UPDATE
What happens to nerve tissue during ischemia?: Nerve tissue struggles with
anaerobic metabolism and is very sensitive to decreased oxygen.
What is ischemia?: Cell death.
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?: 0-15 mmHg
What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?: Symptoms include burning pain, a
symmetric distribution of pain, and worsening symptoms at night.
What is peripheral nerve damage?: Damage to the nerves outside of the brain and
spinal cord, often leading to pain, weakness, and numbness.
What treatments are available for diabetic neuropathy?: Treatment options include
glycemic control, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitors (SNRIs), and anticonvulsants.
How does diabetic neuropathy affect pain perception?: It can cause abnormal pain
sensations, such as burning pain, particularly in the feet and hands.
What is the normal response in the Doll's Eyes Test?: Eyes move in the opposite
direction of head movement.
, What does an absent response in the Cold Calorics test indicate?: No eye movement,
suggesting potential brain dysfunction.
What is the normal response of the corneal reflex?: Blinking when a cotton swab
touches the cornea.
What does fixed and dilated pupils indicate?: Poor brain perfusion.
What does small (pinpoint) pupils suggest?: Possible pons issue or drug effects.
At what ICP level does brain impairment occur?: > 22 mmHg for > 5 minutes
What are the three main components of the cranial cavity according to the
Monroe-Kellie doctrine?: Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Blood
What is intracranial compliance?: The ability of the cranial components to adjust to
changes in volume to minimize impact on ICP.
Name an everyday activity that can cause slight changes in ICP.: Sneeze, cough,
bending, laugh
,What is interstitial edema?: Swelling caused by fluid, electrolytes, and proteins
forced into the intercellular space due to vessel damage or increased pressure.
What causes intracellular edema?: Global ischemia leading to cellular energy failure
and Na+ accumulation, attracting water into the cell.
What is hypoxia?: Decreased oxygen leading to mitochondrial failure and cell
damage.
What is the main CNS neurotransmitter?: Glutamate.
What effect does ischemia have on glutamate?: Ischemia increases glutamate
release.
What are the effects of too much glutamate?: Increased calcium and water enter the
cell, causing calcium overload and cytotoxic edema.
What does excessive glutamate production lead to?: Increased production of nitrous
oxide, free radical formation, and cell death.
What is the most sensitive clinical manifestation of increased ICP?: Change in level of
consciousness (LOC), often increased drowsiness.
, What are common symptoms of increased ICP?: Headache, nausea/vomiting, blurred
vision, slow pupillary response.
What is Cushing's Triad?: A late sign of increased ICP characterized by BP, ‘ HR, and
respiratory changes.“
What does a decrease in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score indicate?: A potential
decrease in consciousness or brain function.
What is the maximum score for eye opening on the Glasgow Coma Scale?: 4 for
spontaneous eye opening.
What is the maximum score for verbal response on the Glasgow Coma
Scale?: 5 for oriented verbal response.
What is the maximum score for motor response on the Glasgow Coma
Scale?: 6 for following commands.
What does decreased pupil response indicate?: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Clinical Manifestations: Sudden loss of motor, sensory, or cognitive function.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS NEWEST | ALREADY GRADED
A+/NEWEST UPDATE
What happens to nerve tissue during ischemia?: Nerve tissue struggles with
anaerobic metabolism and is very sensitive to decreased oxygen.
What is ischemia?: Cell death.
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?: 0-15 mmHg
What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?: Symptoms include burning pain, a
symmetric distribution of pain, and worsening symptoms at night.
What is peripheral nerve damage?: Damage to the nerves outside of the brain and
spinal cord, often leading to pain, weakness, and numbness.
What treatments are available for diabetic neuropathy?: Treatment options include
glycemic control, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitors (SNRIs), and anticonvulsants.
How does diabetic neuropathy affect pain perception?: It can cause abnormal pain
sensations, such as burning pain, particularly in the feet and hands.
What is the normal response in the Doll's Eyes Test?: Eyes move in the opposite
direction of head movement.
, What does an absent response in the Cold Calorics test indicate?: No eye movement,
suggesting potential brain dysfunction.
What is the normal response of the corneal reflex?: Blinking when a cotton swab
touches the cornea.
What does fixed and dilated pupils indicate?: Poor brain perfusion.
What does small (pinpoint) pupils suggest?: Possible pons issue or drug effects.
At what ICP level does brain impairment occur?: > 22 mmHg for > 5 minutes
What are the three main components of the cranial cavity according to the
Monroe-Kellie doctrine?: Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Blood
What is intracranial compliance?: The ability of the cranial components to adjust to
changes in volume to minimize impact on ICP.
Name an everyday activity that can cause slight changes in ICP.: Sneeze, cough,
bending, laugh
,What is interstitial edema?: Swelling caused by fluid, electrolytes, and proteins
forced into the intercellular space due to vessel damage or increased pressure.
What causes intracellular edema?: Global ischemia leading to cellular energy failure
and Na+ accumulation, attracting water into the cell.
What is hypoxia?: Decreased oxygen leading to mitochondrial failure and cell
damage.
What is the main CNS neurotransmitter?: Glutamate.
What effect does ischemia have on glutamate?: Ischemia increases glutamate
release.
What are the effects of too much glutamate?: Increased calcium and water enter the
cell, causing calcium overload and cytotoxic edema.
What does excessive glutamate production lead to?: Increased production of nitrous
oxide, free radical formation, and cell death.
What is the most sensitive clinical manifestation of increased ICP?: Change in level of
consciousness (LOC), often increased drowsiness.
, What are common symptoms of increased ICP?: Headache, nausea/vomiting, blurred
vision, slow pupillary response.
What is Cushing's Triad?: A late sign of increased ICP characterized by BP, ‘ HR, and
respiratory changes.“
What does a decrease in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score indicate?: A potential
decrease in consciousness or brain function.
What is the maximum score for eye opening on the Glasgow Coma Scale?: 4 for
spontaneous eye opening.
What is the maximum score for verbal response on the Glasgow Coma
Scale?: 5 for oriented verbal response.
What is the maximum score for motor response on the Glasgow Coma
Scale?: 6 for following commands.
What does decreased pupil response indicate?: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Clinical Manifestations: Sudden loss of motor, sensory, or cognitive function.
