NSG 3280 Unit 1 Extra Practice Questions |
Latest Update (2026/2027)|Graded A
A patient with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes experiences severe
metabolic stress due to a
massive infection. The nurse anticipates which immediate metabolic
response will dominate, potentially leading to extreme hyperglycemia?
A. Rapid increase in growth hormone production to overcome existing
periph-eral insulin resistance.
B. Decreased glucagon release and increased cellular utilization of
glucose (Immediate phase).
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to
gluconeogen-esis using muscle protein stores.
D. Rapid increase in insulin production to overcome existing peripheral
insulin
resistance.:
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to
gluconeogenesis using muscle protein stores.
Ischemia is the number one cause of cell injury because it disrupts
oxygen supply, leading to a cascade of events. When oxygen is
absent, the cell is forced to utilize anaerobic metabolism. The harmful
byproduct that accumulates and contributes to increasing dysfunction
of cellular proteins and enzymes is:
A. Free radicals B. Glycogen C. Lactate D. Endotoxin: : C. Lactate
A chronic smoker has been diagnosed with a condition where the
normal epithelial cells of the respiratory tract have been replaced by a
different, but structurally mature, type of cell. If this process
,progresses and the cells subsequently become disorganized and vary
in size and shape, the nurse knows the progression is from: A.
Atrophy to Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia to Metaplasia
C. Metaplasia to Dysplasia
D. Dysplasia to Necrosis: C. Metaplasia to Dysplasia
A patient experiences a sudden, intense stressor. In the initial "Alarm"
stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the nurse would anticipate
which immediate hormonal response?
A. Decreased cortisol and decreased catecholamines
B. Decreased resistance to stressors and increased cortisol
C. Resolution of excesses and initiation of adaptation
D. Prolonged exposure causing an inability to return to homeostasis: B.
Decreased resistance to stressors and increased cortisol
A patient enters the General Adaptation Syndrome due to chronic
stress. The body attempts to manage the challenge by adapting and
restoring balance, but this adaptation results in a new, slightly elevated
set point for physiological parameters. This adaptive process is best
described as:
A. Homeostasis B. Pathogenesis C. Allostasis D. Exhaustion: C.
Allostasis
The mechanism of reversible cell injury known as hydropic swelling is
fundamentally caused by:
A. Accumulation of abnormal, faulty metabolic substances.
B. Malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production.
, C. Cellular damage leading to activation of programmed cell death
pathways.
D. Ischemia causing enzymes to break down cell walls.: : B.
Malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production.
A lung biopsy from a patient suspected of having tuberculosis reveals
dead cells that are "walled off" by the surrounding tissue and have a
white, clumpy appearance. This finding is characteristic of which
specific type of necrosis?
A. Fat necrosis B. Coagulative necrosis C. Caseous necrosis D.
Liquefactive necrosis: C. Caseous necrosis
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who has been fasting for 48
hours. Which sequence of metabolic processes best describes how
the body is maintaining blood glucose stability during this prolonged
fasting state?
A. Glycogenesis followed by glycolysis, supported by increased insulin
re-lease.
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a
decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
C. Lipolysis followed by glycolysis, triggered by parasympathetic
nervous sys-
tem stimulation.:
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a
decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
Latest Update (2026/2027)|Graded A
A patient with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes experiences severe
metabolic stress due to a
massive infection. The nurse anticipates which immediate metabolic
response will dominate, potentially leading to extreme hyperglycemia?
A. Rapid increase in growth hormone production to overcome existing
periph-eral insulin resistance.
B. Decreased glucagon release and increased cellular utilization of
glucose (Immediate phase).
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to
gluconeogen-esis using muscle protein stores.
D. Rapid increase in insulin production to overcome existing peripheral
insulin
resistance.:
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to
gluconeogenesis using muscle protein stores.
Ischemia is the number one cause of cell injury because it disrupts
oxygen supply, leading to a cascade of events. When oxygen is
absent, the cell is forced to utilize anaerobic metabolism. The harmful
byproduct that accumulates and contributes to increasing dysfunction
of cellular proteins and enzymes is:
A. Free radicals B. Glycogen C. Lactate D. Endotoxin: : C. Lactate
A chronic smoker has been diagnosed with a condition where the
normal epithelial cells of the respiratory tract have been replaced by a
different, but structurally mature, type of cell. If this process
,progresses and the cells subsequently become disorganized and vary
in size and shape, the nurse knows the progression is from: A.
Atrophy to Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia to Metaplasia
C. Metaplasia to Dysplasia
D. Dysplasia to Necrosis: C. Metaplasia to Dysplasia
A patient experiences a sudden, intense stressor. In the initial "Alarm"
stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the nurse would anticipate
which immediate hormonal response?
A. Decreased cortisol and decreased catecholamines
B. Decreased resistance to stressors and increased cortisol
C. Resolution of excesses and initiation of adaptation
D. Prolonged exposure causing an inability to return to homeostasis: B.
Decreased resistance to stressors and increased cortisol
A patient enters the General Adaptation Syndrome due to chronic
stress. The body attempts to manage the challenge by adapting and
restoring balance, but this adaptation results in a new, slightly elevated
set point for physiological parameters. This adaptive process is best
described as:
A. Homeostasis B. Pathogenesis C. Allostasis D. Exhaustion: C.
Allostasis
The mechanism of reversible cell injury known as hydropic swelling is
fundamentally caused by:
A. Accumulation of abnormal, faulty metabolic substances.
B. Malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production.
, C. Cellular damage leading to activation of programmed cell death
pathways.
D. Ischemia causing enzymes to break down cell walls.: : B.
Malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production.
A lung biopsy from a patient suspected of having tuberculosis reveals
dead cells that are "walled off" by the surrounding tissue and have a
white, clumpy appearance. This finding is characteristic of which
specific type of necrosis?
A. Fat necrosis B. Coagulative necrosis C. Caseous necrosis D.
Liquefactive necrosis: C. Caseous necrosis
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who has been fasting for 48
hours. Which sequence of metabolic processes best describes how
the body is maintaining blood glucose stability during this prolonged
fasting state?
A. Glycogenesis followed by glycolysis, supported by increased insulin
re-lease.
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a
decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
C. Lipolysis followed by glycolysis, triggered by parasympathetic
nervous sys-
tem stimulation.:
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a
decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
