HSA 4423 Exam 2 [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• Objectives of tort law -✓✓ 1) Preservation of peace
2) Culpability
3) Deterrence
4) Compensation
• Three basic categories of tort law -✓✓ 1) negligent torts
2) intentional torts
3) strict liability
• Negligence -✓✓ A tort, a civil of personal wrong
A form of conduct caused by heedlessness or carelessness that constitutes a departure
from the standard of care generally imposed on reasonable members of society.
• Elements of negligence -✓✓ Duty to care
Breach of duty
Injury
Causation
• Duty to care -✓✓ Obligation to conform to a recognized standard of care
• Breach of duty -✓✓ Deviation from the recognized standard of care
• Standard of care -✓✓ The general standard of acceptable care is based on what a
reasonably prudent person would do or not do acting under the same or similar
circumstances
• Duty set by policies and procedures -✓✓ The standard of care that employees and
agents of a healthcare entity must follow can be established through the healthcare
organizations internal policies, procedures, rules, and regulations
• Community versus national standard of care -✓✓ Developed as a result of the more
reasonable belief that the standard of care should not vary with the locale where an
individual receives care
• Expert testimony to establish required standard -✓✓ The courts rely on the testimony
of an expert witness as to the standard of care required in the same or similar
communities
• Injury -✓✓ Physical harm, pain, suffering, an loss of income or reputation. A defendant
can not be negligent if no injury or actual damages occur.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• Objectives of tort law -✓✓ 1) Preservation of peace
2) Culpability
3) Deterrence
4) Compensation
• Three basic categories of tort law -✓✓ 1) negligent torts
2) intentional torts
3) strict liability
• Negligence -✓✓ A tort, a civil of personal wrong
A form of conduct caused by heedlessness or carelessness that constitutes a departure
from the standard of care generally imposed on reasonable members of society.
• Elements of negligence -✓✓ Duty to care
Breach of duty
Injury
Causation
• Duty to care -✓✓ Obligation to conform to a recognized standard of care
• Breach of duty -✓✓ Deviation from the recognized standard of care
• Standard of care -✓✓ The general standard of acceptable care is based on what a
reasonably prudent person would do or not do acting under the same or similar
circumstances
• Duty set by policies and procedures -✓✓ The standard of care that employees and
agents of a healthcare entity must follow can be established through the healthcare
organizations internal policies, procedures, rules, and regulations
• Community versus national standard of care -✓✓ Developed as a result of the more
reasonable belief that the standard of care should not vary with the locale where an
individual receives care
• Expert testimony to establish required standard -✓✓ The courts rely on the testimony
of an expert witness as to the standard of care required in the same or similar
communities
• Injury -✓✓ Physical harm, pain, suffering, an loss of income or reputation. A defendant
can not be negligent if no injury or actual damages occur.
