Complete Test Bank for Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition by Alberts | Chapters 1–24 | Questions & Answers with Rationales

TEST BANK x




for Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition by Alberts
| Chapters 1–24 | Questions & Answers with Rationales



RESOURCE FEATURES x




• Chapters 1–24
• Practice questions and answers
• Detailed rationales and explanations
• Molecular and cellular biology review
• Concept-based learning
• Application and critical-thinking questions
• Genetics and gene-expression review
• Cell-signaling and cell-cycle concepts
• Exam preparation for biology and life-science courses

, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, SIXTH EDITION xc xc xc xc xc xc




CHAPTER 1: CELLS AND GENOMES xc x c xc x c x c


© cGarland cScience c2015
x x x




1 Scientists cdiscover cmore cthan cten cthousand cnew cspecies cof cliving corganisms cevery
x x x x x x x x x x x



cyear.
x c What cis cshared cbetween call cof cthese corganisms?
x x x x x x x x



A. They care cmade cof ccells, cwhose cnuclei cenclose ctheir cDNA.
x x x x x x x x x



B. They cobtain ctheir cenergy cfrom csunlight.
x x x x x



C. They cproduce cand cuse cadenosine ctriphosphate c(ATP).
x x x x x x



D. Their cgenome ccontains cat cleast c1000 cgenes.
x x x x x x



E. All cof cthe cabove.
x x x




2 All ccells c…
x x



A. have cmembrane ctransport cproteins.
x x x



B. synthesize cproteins con cthe cribosome. x x x x



C. replicate ctheir cgenome cby cDNA cpolymerization.
x x x x x



D. transcribe ctheir cgenetic cinformation cby cRNA cpolymerization.
x x x x x x



E. All cof cthe cabove.
x x x




3 Imagine ca csegment cof cDNA c(within ca cgene) cencoding ca ccertain camount cof
x x x x x x x x x x x x



cinformation cin cits cnucleotide csequence. cWhen cthis csegment cis cfully ctranscribed cinto cmRNA
x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cand cthen ctranslated cinto cprotein, cin cgeneral, c…
x x x x x x x x



A. the cprotein csequence cwould ccarry cmore cinformation ccompared cto cthe cDNA cand
x x x x x x x x x x x



cmRNA csequences, cbecause cits calphabet chas c20 cletters.
x x x x x x x x



x c B. x cthe cprotein csequence cwould ccarry cless cinformation ccompared cto cthe cDNA cand
x x x x x x x x x x x



x cmRNA csequences, cbecause cseveral ccodons ccan ccorrespond cto cone camino cacid.
x x x x x x x x x x



C. the camount cof cinformation cin cthe cmRNA csequence cis clower, cbecause cthe cmRNA
x x x x x x x x x x x x



chas cbeen ctranscribed cusing conly cone cof cthe cDNA cstrands cas cthe ctemplate.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x



D. the camount cof cinformation cin cthe cmRNA csequence cis chigher, cbecause cseveral
x x x x x x x x x x x



cmRNA cmolecules ccan cbe ctranscribed cfrom cone cDNA cmolecule.
x x x x x x x x x




4 Which cof cthe cfollowing cprocesses cthat chappens cinside ca ccell cDOES cNOT cnormally
x x x x x x x x x x x x



crequire cconsumption cof cfree cenergy cby cthe ccell?
x x x x x x x x

, A. Replication cof cthe cgenetic cmaterial x x x x



B. Import cof cnutrients cfrom cthe cenvironment
x x x x x



C. Diffusion cof csmall cmolecules cwithin cthe ccell x x x x x x



D. Regulation cof cgene cexpression x x x



E. Synthesis cof cenzymes cthat ccatalyze ccellular creactions
x x x x x x




5 Which cof cthe cfollowing cwould cyou cN c OT cexpect cto cfind cin ca cbacterial ccell?
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



A. Swimming cusing cflagella x x



B. Having ca ccell cwall caround cthe cplasma cmembrane x x x x x x x



xc C. c ATP cproduction cin cmitochondria
x x x x



D. Protein cproduction con cthe cribosome x x x x



E. Sexual cexchange cof cDNA cwith cother cbacteria x x x x x x




6 To ctrace cfamily crelationships cbetween cdistantly crelated corganisms csuch cas chumans,
x x x x x x x x x x



calgae, cbacteria, cand carchaea, cone cshould ccompare ctheir cgenomes cin cregions c…
x x x x x x x x x x x x



A. that cevolve crapidly. x x



B. that chave ca chigher cmutation crate.
x x x x x



C. that ccode cfor cproteins.
x x x



D. where cmutations care chardly ctolerated.
x x x x



E. where cmost cmutations care cselectively cneutral.
x x x x x




7 Laboratory cstrains cof cthe cmodel corganism cEscherichia ccoli cthat care cresistant cto
x x x x x x x x x x x



cantibiotics care cvery coften cused cin cresearch claboratories cas cwell cas cin cthe cbiotechnology
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cindustry.
x c If ccultures
x c of csuch cbacteria cwere callowed cto ccontaminate cthe cenvironment
x x x x x x x x x x



cuncontrollably, cit cis cpossible cthat
x c at csome cpoint, cpathogenic cbacteria csuch cas cNeisseria
x x x x x x x x x x x x



cmeningitidis c(which ccauses cmeningitis cand ccan ccause cdeath, cespecially cin cchildren) ccould
x x x x x x x x x x x x



cacquire cthe csame cantibiotic-resistance cgene,
x x x c causing ca cmeningitis coutbreak cthat cis cdifficult
x x x x x x x x x



cto ctreat. cIn cthis cscenario, cwhich cof cthe cfollowing cmechanisms cis ca cmore clikely csource cof
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cthe cantibiotic-resistance cgene cin cN. cmeningitidis?
x x x x x x



A. Random cnew cgene cgeneration x x x



B. Intragenic cmutation x



C. Gene cduplication x



D. DNA csegment cshuffling x x



E. Horizontal cgene ctransfer x x




8 A cvirus c…
x x



A. is ca ctype cof ccell.x x x x

, B. has cgenetic cmaterial cmade cof cproteins.
x x x x x



C. can conly cinfect ca csingle chost cspecies.
x x x x x x



D. can cact cas ca cvector cfor cgene ctransfer.
x x x x x x x



E. cannot cpersist cin cits chost cfor cmore cthan cone ccell cgeneration.
x x x x x x x x x x




9 Which cof cthe cfollowing cdoes cNOT ctypically cinvolve chorizontal cgene ctransfer?
x x x x x x x x x x



A. Sexual creproduction cin chumans x x x



B. Bacteriophage cinfection cof cbacteria x x x



C. The cevolutionary chistory cof cthe ceukaryotic ccell
x x x x x x



D. The caccidental cduplication cof ca csmall cregion cof ca cbacterial cchromosome cfollowed
x x x x x x x x x x x



cby c cell cdivision
x x x



E. Introduction cof cplasmids cinto cbacteria cin ca claboratory x x x x x x x




10 Gene cduplication ccan cgive crise cto chomologous cgenes cthat care cpart cof cgene cfamilies.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cFor cexample, cthere care csix cactin cgenes cin cthe cgenome cof cmost cmammalian cspecies. cIn
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



chumans, cthe cACTB cgene, cwhich cencodes ca ccytoskeletal cactin, cis cexpressed cubiquitously,
x x x x x x x x x x x x



cwhile cACTC1 cis cexpressed cmainly cin ccardiac ccells. cAlthough cbacteria clack cthe ceukaryotic
x x x x x x x x x x x x x



ccytoskeletal
x c organization, cthe cbacterial cMreB cgene cbears crecognizable csequence csimilarity
x x x x x x x x x



cto cmammalian cactin cgenes cand ccodes cfor ca cprotein cthat cis csimilar cto cactin cin cstructure cand
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cfunction. cWhich cof cthe cfollowing cstatements cis ctrue cabout cthese cgenes?
x x x x x x x x x x x



A. ACTB cis chomologous cto cACTC1 cbut cnot cto cMreB.
x x x x x x x x



B. ACTB cis corthologous cto cACTC1 cbut cnot cto cMreB.
x x x x x x x x



C. ACTB cis cparalogous cto cACTC1 cbut cnot cto cMreB.
x x x x x x x x



D. MreB cis corthologous cto cACTB cbut cnot cto cACTC1.
x x x x x x x x



E. ACTB cis cparalogous cto cboth cACTC1 cand cMreB.
x x x x x x x




11 Out cof cnearly c5000 cprotein-coding cgene cfamilies, cthere cis ca cset cof cnearly c300
x x x x x x x x x x x x x



cconserved cgene cfamilies cthat care cfound cin cspecies cfrom call cdomains cof clife. cWhen cone
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



xc looks cat cthe cgeneral cfunctions cassigned cto cthese cgene cfamilies, cit cis cfound cthat c…
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x



A. the cmajority cof cthem cfunction cin ccell-to-cell csignaling.
x x x x x x x



B. the cmajority cof cthem care cpoorly ccharacterized.
x x x x x x



C. more c than c one-third c of c them c are c involved c in c translation c or c amino c acid
x x x x x x x x x x x



c transport c and cm c etabolism.
x x x x



D. more c than c one-half c of c the c shared c families c are c involved c in c DNA
x x x x x x x x x x



c replication c and
x c transcription. x x



E. Nearly call cof cthem care cinvolved cin cenergy cproduction cand ccarbohydrate cmetabolism.
x x x x x x x x x x x