LABOR AND DELIVERY: KEY CONCEPTS AND NURSING
INTERVENTIONS | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Dilation Answer: 10cm (cervix fully opened)
Effacement Answer: 100%
Station Answer: Where they are located, descent thru birth canal, measured in CM.
Ischial spines Answer: If baby is inline with ischial spines it is 0; anything below is on
perineum; anything above is floating.
Cardinal movements of labor Answer: 7 cardinal movements of mechanisms of labor that occur
in vertex presentation.
Engagement Answer: The baby is engaged in the birth canal.
Descent Answer: They are engaged, start making it down the birth canal.
Flexion Answer: Chin to chest, tuck chin, position for birth.
Internal rotation Answer: Sideways position as they go down, then turn their head where head is
looking down.
Extension Answer: After baby is under pelvic bone, can extend neck.
External rotation Answer: The baby rotates externally.
Expulsion Answer: The birth of the baby.
Fetal attitude Answer: Flexed & non-flexed; want baby chin down, looking down for easier fit.
Fetal position Answer: First letter: R or L (side of mother's pelvis, baby's back); Second letter:
presenting part of fetus; Third letter: relation to mom's pelvis.
1st stage of labor Answer: 0-10 cm dilated, 0-100% effaced, lasts until mom starts pushing.
Latent phase Answer: 0-5cms (longer phase) of the 1st stage of labor.
Active phase Answer: 6-10 cms (contractions are stronger, close to delivery) of the 1st stage of
labor.
Transition phase Answer: 8-10cms sometimes considered in the active phase.
2nd stage of labor Answer: From fully dilated and effaced cervix to birth of baby.
3rd stage of labor Answer: From birth of infant to delivery of placenta, 10-15 mins, 30 mins at
most.
4th stage of labor Answer: First 2 hours after delivery of placenta, stabilization of maternal VS
and homeostasis.
Pain relief specific to location Answer: Counterpressure, sterile water injections.
Pain locations in 1st stage Answer: Discomfort generally felt in lower pelvis & back pain.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
INTERVENTIONS | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Dilation Answer: 10cm (cervix fully opened)
Effacement Answer: 100%
Station Answer: Where they are located, descent thru birth canal, measured in CM.
Ischial spines Answer: If baby is inline with ischial spines it is 0; anything below is on
perineum; anything above is floating.
Cardinal movements of labor Answer: 7 cardinal movements of mechanisms of labor that occur
in vertex presentation.
Engagement Answer: The baby is engaged in the birth canal.
Descent Answer: They are engaged, start making it down the birth canal.
Flexion Answer: Chin to chest, tuck chin, position for birth.
Internal rotation Answer: Sideways position as they go down, then turn their head where head is
looking down.
Extension Answer: After baby is under pelvic bone, can extend neck.
External rotation Answer: The baby rotates externally.
Expulsion Answer: The birth of the baby.
Fetal attitude Answer: Flexed & non-flexed; want baby chin down, looking down for easier fit.
Fetal position Answer: First letter: R or L (side of mother's pelvis, baby's back); Second letter:
presenting part of fetus; Third letter: relation to mom's pelvis.
1st stage of labor Answer: 0-10 cm dilated, 0-100% effaced, lasts until mom starts pushing.
Latent phase Answer: 0-5cms (longer phase) of the 1st stage of labor.
Active phase Answer: 6-10 cms (contractions are stronger, close to delivery) of the 1st stage of
labor.
Transition phase Answer: 8-10cms sometimes considered in the active phase.
2nd stage of labor Answer: From fully dilated and effaced cervix to birth of baby.
3rd stage of labor Answer: From birth of infant to delivery of placenta, 10-15 mins, 30 mins at
most.
4th stage of labor Answer: First 2 hours after delivery of placenta, stabilization of maternal VS
and homeostasis.
Pain relief specific to location Answer: Counterpressure, sterile water injections.
Pain locations in 1st stage Answer: Discomfort generally felt in lower pelvis & back pain.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
