NEWBORN PHYSIOLOGY AND CARE: HEART RATE,
JAUNDICE, REFLEXES, AND SCREENING | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Normal Heart Rate (HR) Answer: 110-160 bpm (can see it elevate to 160-180 during period of
reactivity)
Normal Respiratory Rate (RR) Answer: 30-60 breaths per minute
Normal Temperature Answer: 36.5 - 37.5 C (taken axillary)
Infection Indicator Answer: Low temperature (can also indicate hypoglycemia)
Physiologic Hyperbilirubinemia Answer: Benign part of normal newborn physiology
Pathologic Hyperbilirubinemia Answer: Underlying disease
Iron Stores Duration Answer: Iron stores come from mom & last 4-6 months
Bilirubin Production Increase Factors Answer: Ecchymosis, hematoma, RH incompatibility,
ABO incompatibility, increased RBC production or breakdown, PREMIES, meds → diazepam,
salicylates, sulfonamides
Bilirubin Reabsorption Increase Factors Answer: Decreased GI motility, dehydration, poor
feeding
Circumcision Comfort Measures Answer: Local anesthesia, non-nutritive sucking 'sweet ease'
Circumcision Monitoring Answer: Monitor for bleeding - hold pressure if actively bleeding,
monitor for infection, void within 24hrs
Circumcision Care Instructions Answer: KEEP AREA CLEAN & DRY, USE VASELINE TO
PREVENT PENIS FROM STICKING TO DIAPER, TYLENOL FOR MILD PAIN,
PLASTIBELL DEVICE SHOULD FALL OFF 10-14 DAYS LATER, ENSURE VOID IN
24HRS, avoid full submerged baths until healed - sponge baths, cleanse with warm water
AGA Definition Answer: Average for gestational age
SGA Definition Answer: Below 10th percentile (small for gestational age)
LGA Definition Answer: Above 90th percentile (large for gestational age)
Growth Chart Reading Answer: Gestational weeks on the bottom, then go up by their birth
weight, where you land determines where they fall on the growth chart
Increased Risks for SGA Babies Answer: Hypoglycemia, hypothermia, difficulty breathing,
high risk for infection
Increased Risks for LGA Babies Answer: Jaundice, hypoglycemia, lower APGAR scores,
increase risk for birth trauma
Preferred Injection Site for Newborn Vaccines Answer: Vastus lateralis (outer thigh)
Apgar Score Categories Answer: Respiration/crying, reflexes/irritability, pulse/HR, skin color
of body & extremities, muscle tone
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
JAUNDICE, REFLEXES, AND SCREENING | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Normal Heart Rate (HR) Answer: 110-160 bpm (can see it elevate to 160-180 during period of
reactivity)
Normal Respiratory Rate (RR) Answer: 30-60 breaths per minute
Normal Temperature Answer: 36.5 - 37.5 C (taken axillary)
Infection Indicator Answer: Low temperature (can also indicate hypoglycemia)
Physiologic Hyperbilirubinemia Answer: Benign part of normal newborn physiology
Pathologic Hyperbilirubinemia Answer: Underlying disease
Iron Stores Duration Answer: Iron stores come from mom & last 4-6 months
Bilirubin Production Increase Factors Answer: Ecchymosis, hematoma, RH incompatibility,
ABO incompatibility, increased RBC production or breakdown, PREMIES, meds → diazepam,
salicylates, sulfonamides
Bilirubin Reabsorption Increase Factors Answer: Decreased GI motility, dehydration, poor
feeding
Circumcision Comfort Measures Answer: Local anesthesia, non-nutritive sucking 'sweet ease'
Circumcision Monitoring Answer: Monitor for bleeding - hold pressure if actively bleeding,
monitor for infection, void within 24hrs
Circumcision Care Instructions Answer: KEEP AREA CLEAN & DRY, USE VASELINE TO
PREVENT PENIS FROM STICKING TO DIAPER, TYLENOL FOR MILD PAIN,
PLASTIBELL DEVICE SHOULD FALL OFF 10-14 DAYS LATER, ENSURE VOID IN
24HRS, avoid full submerged baths until healed - sponge baths, cleanse with warm water
AGA Definition Answer: Average for gestational age
SGA Definition Answer: Below 10th percentile (small for gestational age)
LGA Definition Answer: Above 90th percentile (large for gestational age)
Growth Chart Reading Answer: Gestational weeks on the bottom, then go up by their birth
weight, where you land determines where they fall on the growth chart
Increased Risks for SGA Babies Answer: Hypoglycemia, hypothermia, difficulty breathing,
high risk for infection
Increased Risks for LGA Babies Answer: Jaundice, hypoglycemia, lower APGAR scores,
increase risk for birth trauma
Preferred Injection Site for Newborn Vaccines Answer: Vastus lateralis (outer thigh)
Apgar Score Categories Answer: Respiration/crying, reflexes/irritability, pulse/HR, skin color
of body & extremities, muscle tone
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
