CMSRN Exam Questions with Verified Correct
Answers
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and
leads to decreased serum sodium concentration?
dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia
edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia
fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss?
true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia
dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia
replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia
burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without
loss of sodium?
hypernatremia
,causes of hypernatremia
fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia
dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia
decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with?
chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities?
renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with?
PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia
cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia
irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia
limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits?
hyperkalemia
,what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in?
potassium
causes of hypokalemia
vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia
muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia
potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level
9-10.5
where is calcium stored?
bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption
Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with?
phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk?
hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia
, cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid
tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia
sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired memory (decreased
LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia
decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia
decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis,
alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia
chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia
increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate, phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear?
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands?
trousseaus sign
normal level of phosphate
3-4.5
Answers
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and
leads to decreased serum sodium concentration?
dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia
edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia
fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss?
true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia
dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia
replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia
burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without
loss of sodium?
hypernatremia
,causes of hypernatremia
fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia
dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia
decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with?
chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities?
renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with?
PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia
cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia
irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia
limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits?
hyperkalemia
,what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in?
potassium
causes of hypokalemia
vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia
muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia
potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level
9-10.5
where is calcium stored?
bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption
Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with?
phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk?
hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia
, cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid
tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia
sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired memory (decreased
LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia
decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia
decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis,
alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia
chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia
increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate, phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear?
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands?
trousseaus sign
normal level of phosphate
3-4.5
