D115 Advanced Practice Nurse Master Set
Pathophysiology Questions with Correct
Solutions
A patient presents with pain and swelling in the left knee. The pain was initially
intermittent but has progressed and is now continuous and worse at night.
Laboratory testing shows a significant elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) levels. The computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the compact bone is
replaced with dense callus of masses of osteoid.
Which form of cancer should an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
suspect?
This describes osteosarcoma. Pain in the affected bone (usually around the knee or in the upper arm) is the most common symptom of
osteosarcoma. At first, the pain might not be constant and might be worse at night. The pain often increases with activity and might result in a
limp if the tumor is in a leg bone.
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is caring for an older adult patient
diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The APRN is
concerned about the patient's increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP) and recommends the pneumococcal vaccination.
Which etiologic microorganism will this vaccine protect against?
The pneumococcal vaccination protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a community-acquired pneumonia.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
,Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for
developing colon cancer?
The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely studied and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years
most likely to develop?
Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung lining cancer.
Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength.
UV light causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB
rays hit DNA strands, causing thymine base pairs that are side by side to pair
together, becoming thymine dimers. These thymine dimers lead to cell death or
cancer.
Which cancer does exercise have a convincing impact on reducing?
Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Low healthcare literacy is recognized as a major risk factor in blood pressure
control and has been shown to have adverse effects on health outcomes.
true or false
,TRUE
By providing patient education at the appropriate literacy level, improved health
outcomes may result.
One of the goals of the National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy is to
incorporate research and evidence-based plans of treatment from childhood
through university-level education in a manner consistent with an individual's
literacy level.
True or false
True
Ensuring the individual can understand all elements of a treatment plan is crucial
for understanding and compliance.
What is a red flag for low healthcare literacy?
Low literacy often leads to perceived noncompliance to medical instructions,
including medication instructions. Ensuring the patient fully understands all
instructions is critical for understanding.
Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women with certain health histories.
Which health history would result in an amniocentesis recommendation?
Those who have a family history of genetic disorders
, Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity.
What do these genes influence?
Regulation of appetite-Research has shown that genetic mutations may cause
alterations in the regulation of appetite.
Which concept is data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in
600 black Americans an example of?
Prevalence tells us how often disease is seen in a population, which includes all
people with the disease at a given time, at any stage in the disease progression.
What describes a chromosomal defect caused by Prader-Willi syndrome?
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a disorder of a portion of chromosome 15.
Normally, a portion of this chromosome is inherited from both parents. With
Prader-Willi syndrome, the chromosome inherited from the father is problematic.
Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
Prevent infection of the injured tissue
The inflammatory response is a defense mechanism designed to remove damaged
tissue so the body can heal.
Which leukocytes are elevated in response to acute inflammatory reactions when
considering white blood cell differentials?
Pathophysiology Questions with Correct
Solutions
A patient presents with pain and swelling in the left knee. The pain was initially
intermittent but has progressed and is now continuous and worse at night.
Laboratory testing shows a significant elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) levels. The computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the compact bone is
replaced with dense callus of masses of osteoid.
Which form of cancer should an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
suspect?
This describes osteosarcoma. Pain in the affected bone (usually around the knee or in the upper arm) is the most common symptom of
osteosarcoma. At first, the pain might not be constant and might be worse at night. The pain often increases with activity and might result in a
limp if the tumor is in a leg bone.
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is caring for an older adult patient
diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The APRN is
concerned about the patient's increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP) and recommends the pneumococcal vaccination.
Which etiologic microorganism will this vaccine protect against?
The pneumococcal vaccination protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a community-acquired pneumonia.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
,Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for
developing colon cancer?
The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely studied and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years
most likely to develop?
Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung lining cancer.
Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength.
UV light causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB
rays hit DNA strands, causing thymine base pairs that are side by side to pair
together, becoming thymine dimers. These thymine dimers lead to cell death or
cancer.
Which cancer does exercise have a convincing impact on reducing?
Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Low healthcare literacy is recognized as a major risk factor in blood pressure
control and has been shown to have adverse effects on health outcomes.
true or false
,TRUE
By providing patient education at the appropriate literacy level, improved health
outcomes may result.
One of the goals of the National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy is to
incorporate research and evidence-based plans of treatment from childhood
through university-level education in a manner consistent with an individual's
literacy level.
True or false
True
Ensuring the individual can understand all elements of a treatment plan is crucial
for understanding and compliance.
What is a red flag for low healthcare literacy?
Low literacy often leads to perceived noncompliance to medical instructions,
including medication instructions. Ensuring the patient fully understands all
instructions is critical for understanding.
Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women with certain health histories.
Which health history would result in an amniocentesis recommendation?
Those who have a family history of genetic disorders
, Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity.
What do these genes influence?
Regulation of appetite-Research has shown that genetic mutations may cause
alterations in the regulation of appetite.
Which concept is data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in
600 black Americans an example of?
Prevalence tells us how often disease is seen in a population, which includes all
people with the disease at a given time, at any stage in the disease progression.
What describes a chromosomal defect caused by Prader-Willi syndrome?
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a disorder of a portion of chromosome 15.
Normally, a portion of this chromosome is inherited from both parents. With
Prader-Willi syndrome, the chromosome inherited from the father is problematic.
Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
Prevent infection of the injured tissue
The inflammatory response is a defense mechanism designed to remove damaged
tissue so the body can heal.
Which leukocytes are elevated in response to acute inflammatory reactions when
considering white blood cell differentials?
