Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
1. hypospadias congenital opening of the male urethra on the
undersurface of the penis resulting in urinary tract
obstruction and an increased risk for urinary tract
infections
1/300 births
2. epispadias congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is
located on the upper surface of the penis, less
common than hypospadias
3. balanitis local inflammation of glans penis and the foreskin
(prepuce) due to poor hygiene in uncircumcised
males; caused by accumulation of fungi, bacteria,
sweat
4. phimosis a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retract-
ed easily over the glans penis, may be congenital
5. cryptorchidism failure of testicular descent into the scrotum; un-
descended testis becomes atrophied
6. bilateral cryptorchidism results in sterility
7. testicular torsion twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased
blood flow to the testis
typically is seen in adolescence and manifests with
the sudden onset of testicular pain
urologic emergency! requires immediate surgical
correction
associated with cryptorchidism
8. most common type of tumor in men testicular cancer
is from
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
9. testicular cancer is most common in 15-34
men of what age?
10. Incidence of testicular cancer 6/100,000 men
11. testicular cancer most common clini- painless testicular mass
cal presentation
12. where do most benign prostatic hy- in the inner transition zone of the prostate, close to
perplasias (BPHs) originate? the urethra
13. where do most prostatic carcinomas peripheral zone of the prostate, on the outer part
originate? of the prostate gland
14. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) benign growth of cells within the prostate gland,
also called enlarged prostate that starts after age
40 and progresses with age
15. clinical features of BPH lower urinary tract obstruction, often in the form
of difficulty in starting the stream of urine (hesi-
tancy) and intermittent interruption of the urinary
stream while voiding; urinary urgency, frequency,
and nocturia
16. mechanism of BPH development probably due to increased sensitivity to testos-
terone with age; increased metabolism of testos-
terone in the bloodstream by the enzyme 5α--
reductase, producing more dihydrotestosterone
(DHT), the mediator of prostate growth
17. BOARD QUESTION: over the counter Saw Palmetto
herbal treatment able to treat BPH?
18. most common cancer in men prostate carcinoma
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
19. etiology of prostate carcinoma androgen sensitivity
20. prostate carcinoma is most common African-American & Scandinavian men
in
21. most common test for prostate carci- PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test
noma suffers from various inaccuracies
22. bladder cancer presents as painless hematuria
23. bladder cancer diagnosis/treatment cystoscopy & removal of polyps
is by
24. factors increasing risk of bladder can- environmental: tobacco, various occupational car-
cer cinogens, and prior cyclophosphamide or radia-
tion therapy
Also, familial history
25. vulvitis definition & causes inflammation of the vulva
usually due to contact dermatitis from an exoge-
nous irritant, allergens, or infection with some
STDs
26. Bartholin's Cyst/Abscess painful fluid-filled lump just inside the entrance
to the vagina that develops from blockage of the
Bartholin's Glands
27. prostatitis inflammation of the prostate gland
28. 3 types of prostatitis - Acute bacterial prostatitis
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
29. all types of prostatitis exhibit this perineal pain
symptom
30. acute bacterial prostatitis presents as presents with sudden onset of fever, chills, dysuria,
perineal pain, and bladder outlet obstruction; it
may be complicated by sepsis
31. chronic bacterial prostatitis presents Presenting manifestations include low back pain,
as dysuria, and perineal and suprapubic discomfort
usually is associated with recurrent urinary tract
infections bracketed by asymptomatic periods.
32. chronic pelvic pain syndrome characterized by chronic pain localized to the per-
ineum, suprapubic area, and penis. Pain during or
after ejaculation is a prominent finding.
33. Diethyl Stilbestrol (DES) a drug used to prevent loss of pregnancy/vagi-
nal bleeding during pregnancy that was found to
cause clear-cell cancer in female offspring, which
is fatal by age 18-19
34. vaginitis A vaginal infection or irritation
35. vaginitis is associated with leucorrhea
36. vaginitis is caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites that are normally com-
mensals but can cause infections under certain
conditions such as diabetes, heavy antibiotic use,
immunodeficiency, pregnancy, or recent abortion
37. candida vaginitis is characterized by curdy white vaginal d/c
38. vaginitis caused by trichomonas vagi- watery, copious grey-green d/c, often accompa-
nalis characterized by nied by fishy odor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
1. hypospadias congenital opening of the male urethra on the
undersurface of the penis resulting in urinary tract
obstruction and an increased risk for urinary tract
infections
1/300 births
2. epispadias congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is
located on the upper surface of the penis, less
common than hypospadias
3. balanitis local inflammation of glans penis and the foreskin
(prepuce) due to poor hygiene in uncircumcised
males; caused by accumulation of fungi, bacteria,
sweat
4. phimosis a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retract-
ed easily over the glans penis, may be congenital
5. cryptorchidism failure of testicular descent into the scrotum; un-
descended testis becomes atrophied
6. bilateral cryptorchidism results in sterility
7. testicular torsion twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased
blood flow to the testis
typically is seen in adolescence and manifests with
the sudden onset of testicular pain
urologic emergency! requires immediate surgical
correction
associated with cryptorchidism
8. most common type of tumor in men testicular cancer
is from
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
9. testicular cancer is most common in 15-34
men of what age?
10. Incidence of testicular cancer 6/100,000 men
11. testicular cancer most common clini- painless testicular mass
cal presentation
12. where do most benign prostatic hy- in the inner transition zone of the prostate, close to
perplasias (BPHs) originate? the urethra
13. where do most prostatic carcinomas peripheral zone of the prostate, on the outer part
originate? of the prostate gland
14. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) benign growth of cells within the prostate gland,
also called enlarged prostate that starts after age
40 and progresses with age
15. clinical features of BPH lower urinary tract obstruction, often in the form
of difficulty in starting the stream of urine (hesi-
tancy) and intermittent interruption of the urinary
stream while voiding; urinary urgency, frequency,
and nocturia
16. mechanism of BPH development probably due to increased sensitivity to testos-
terone with age; increased metabolism of testos-
terone in the bloodstream by the enzyme 5α--
reductase, producing more dihydrotestosterone
(DHT), the mediator of prostate growth
17. BOARD QUESTION: over the counter Saw Palmetto
herbal treatment able to treat BPH?
18. most common cancer in men prostate carcinoma
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
19. etiology of prostate carcinoma androgen sensitivity
20. prostate carcinoma is most common African-American & Scandinavian men
in
21. most common test for prostate carci- PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test
noma suffers from various inaccuracies
22. bladder cancer presents as painless hematuria
23. bladder cancer diagnosis/treatment cystoscopy & removal of polyps
is by
24. factors increasing risk of bladder can- environmental: tobacco, various occupational car-
cer cinogens, and prior cyclophosphamide or radia-
tion therapy
Also, familial history
25. vulvitis definition & causes inflammation of the vulva
usually due to contact dermatitis from an exoge-
nous irritant, allergens, or infection with some
STDs
26. Bartholin's Cyst/Abscess painful fluid-filled lump just inside the entrance
to the vagina that develops from blockage of the
Bartholin's Glands
27. prostatitis inflammation of the prostate gland
28. 3 types of prostatitis - Acute bacterial prostatitis
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
, Pathophysiology BenchMark
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv22me
29. all types of prostatitis exhibit this perineal pain
symptom
30. acute bacterial prostatitis presents as presents with sudden onset of fever, chills, dysuria,
perineal pain, and bladder outlet obstruction; it
may be complicated by sepsis
31. chronic bacterial prostatitis presents Presenting manifestations include low back pain,
as dysuria, and perineal and suprapubic discomfort
usually is associated with recurrent urinary tract
infections bracketed by asymptomatic periods.
32. chronic pelvic pain syndrome characterized by chronic pain localized to the per-
ineum, suprapubic area, and penis. Pain during or
after ejaculation is a prominent finding.
33. Diethyl Stilbestrol (DES) a drug used to prevent loss of pregnancy/vagi-
nal bleeding during pregnancy that was found to
cause clear-cell cancer in female offspring, which
is fatal by age 18-19
34. vaginitis A vaginal infection or irritation
35. vaginitis is associated with leucorrhea
36. vaginitis is caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites that are normally com-
mensals but can cause infections under certain
conditions such as diabetes, heavy antibiotic use,
immunodeficiency, pregnancy, or recent abortion
37. candida vaginitis is characterized by curdy white vaginal d/c
38. vaginitis caused by trichomonas vagi- watery, copious grey-green d/c, often accompa-
nalis characterized by nied by fishy odor
