GROUP PERFORMANCE PROFILE NURS 307 PEDS QUIZ 5 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
2026 UPDATED | SOLVED 100% CORRECT - WCU.
Question 1
A 10-year-old child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is being active at a soccer game.
Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to provide the parents?
A) Decrease the child's water intake during the game.
B) Provide an extra complex carbohydrate and protein snack before exercise.
C) Administer an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before the game.
D) Check the child’s blood glucose every 15 minutes during play.
E) Restrict the child from competitive sports to prevent hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: B) Provide an extra complex carbohydrate and protein snack before
exercise.
Rationale: Exercise increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by the muscles, which
can lead to hypoglycemia. To prevent this, children with T1DM should consume an extra
snack containing 15-30g of carbohydrates for every 45-60 minutes of vigorous activity.
Protein helps sustain the glucose levels longer than simple sugars alone.
Question 2
The nurse is assessing an infant with suspected Pyloric Stenosis. Which finding is considered a
"classic" clinical manifestation of this condition?
A) Currant jelly-like stools.
B) Projectile, non-bile-stained vomiting after feedings.
C) Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
D) Severe RUQ pain that radiates to the back.
E) Frequent episodes of watery diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B) Projectile, non-bile-stained vomiting after feedings.
Rationale: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes an obstruction at the gastric outlet. Because
the blockage is above the bile duct, the emesis is non-bilious. The forceful nature
(projectile) occurs as the stomach attempts to push contents through the narrowed pylorus.
Question 3
Which laboratory result should the nurse expect to find in a child with Nephrotic Syndrome?
A) Low urine specific gravity.
B) Decreased serum lipids.
C) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
D) Elevated serum protein levels.
E) Hematuria with "cola-colored" urine.
Correct Answer: C) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased glomerular permeability to
proteins, specifically albumin. This leads to massive proteinuria. As the body loses albumin
, 2
in the urine, serum albumin levels drop (hypoalbuminemia), causing a shift in osmotic
pressure and subsequent edema.
Question 4
A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected Bacterial Meningitis. Which of the following
nursing interventions is the highest priority?
A) Administering oral fluids to maintain hydration.
B) Placing the child on Droplet Precautions.
C) Performing a detailed neurological assessment every 8 hours.
D) Assisting the child into a sitting position for comfort.
E) Encouraging the parents to bring the child's favorite toys.
Correct Answer: B) Placing the child on Droplet Precautions.
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis (specifically Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus
pneumoniae) is highly contagious and spreads via respiratory droplets. To protect other
patients and staff, the nurse must implement droplet precautions immediately upon
suspicion, even before the lumbar puncture results are finalized.
Question 5
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Congenital Hypothyroidism about medication
administration. Which statement indicates the parents understand the teaching?
A) "We will stop the medicine once the baby's thyroid levels are normal."
B) "We can mix the crushed pill in a full bottle of soy formula."
C) "This medication (Levothyroxine) will likely be needed for the rest of our child's life."
D) "We should give the medication only when the baby seems sluggish."
E) "We must wait until the baby is 2 years old to start treatment."
Correct Answer: C) "This medication (Levothyroxine) will likely be needed for the rest of
our child's life."
Rationale: Congenital hypothyroidism requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement to
ensure normal physical and cognitive development. Soy formula can interfere with the
absorption of levothyroxine and should be avoided or used cautiously. Treatment must start
immediately after birth to prevent permanent intellectual disability.
Question 6
What is a hallmark sign of Intussusception in an infant?
A) An olive-shaped mass in the epigastric area.
B) Acute abdominal pain where the infant screams and draws knees to the chest.
C) Severe constipation with a distended abdomen.
D) Projectile vomiting after every meal.
E) A high-pitched, barking cough.
Correct Answer: B) Acute abdominal pain where the infant screams and draws knees to the
chest.
, 3
Rationale: Intussusception involves the "telescoping" of one portion of the intestine into
another. This causes sudden, paroxysmal colicky pain. The infant typically appears normal
between episodes but screams and pulls their legs up during the painful intervals.
Question 7
A child is diagnosed with Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which of the
following is the most characteristic clinical finding?
A) Massive generalized edema and frothy urine.
B) Hypotension and increased urinary output.
C) Periorbital edema and "tea-colored" or "cola-colored" urine.
D) Extreme weight loss and polyphagia.
E) Clear, dilute urine with a low specific gravity.
Correct Answer: C) Periorbital edema and "tea-colored" or "cola-colored" urine.
Rationale: APSGN follows a strep infection. The inflammation of the glomeruli allows red
blood cells to leak into the urine. As the blood sits in the bladder, it acidifies and turns a
dark, tea/cola color (hematuria). Edema is common but usually starts in the periorbital
area in the morning.
Question 8
In a child with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which of the following is an early sign the
nurse should monitor for?
A) Bradycardia and bradypnea.
B) Fixed and dilated pupils.
C) Headache and projectile vomiting.
D) Decerebrate posturing.
E) Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
Correct Answer: C) Headache and projectile vomiting.
Rationale: Early signs of increased ICP in an older child include headache (often worse in
the morning), nausea, and projectile vomiting not associated with meals. Late signs include
Cushing’s Triad (bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations) and posturing.
Question 9
The nurse is preparing to administer Growth Hormone (GH) to a child with GH deficiency. What
is the most appropriate route and timing for this medication?
A) Intramuscularly every morning before school.
B) Subcutaneously at bedtime.
C) Orally twice a day with meals.
D) Intravenously during a hospital admission once a month.
E) Topically to the inner thigh once a week.
Correct Answer: B) Subcutaneously at bedtime.
Rationale: GH is administered subcutaneously. It is given at bedtime because physiological
, 4
GH secretion typically peaks during the first 45-90 minutes of sleep. Giving the injection at
night mimics the body's natural rhythm.
Question 10
A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung Disease. What is the primary pathophysiological
defect in this condition?
A) A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
B) Telescoping of the bowel.
C) Absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon.
D) Herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity.
E) Excessive production of thick mucus in the intestines.
Correct Answer: C) Absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon.
Rationale: Hirschsprung Disease is a mechanical obstruction caused by the lack of
intramural ganglion cells in the enteric nerve plexuses. This results in a lack of peristalsis
in the affected segment, causing stool to back up and the proximal colon to dilate
(megacolon).
Question 11
The nurse is caring for an infant with a Cleft Lip and Palate. What is the primary concern for the
nurse in the preoperative period?
A) Risk for infection of the surgical site.
B) Maintenance of adequate nutrition and prevention of aspiration.
C) Prevention of speech delays.
D) Monitoring for hearing loss.
E) Ensuring the infant can smile normally.
Correct Answer: B) Maintenance of adequate nutrition and prevention of aspiration.
Rationale: Preoperatively, the structural defect makes it difficult for the infant to create a
vacuum for sucking. This increases the risk for poor feeding and the inhalation of formula
into the airway (aspiration). Special nipples and positioning are used to mitigate these
risks.
Question 12
A child is admitted with a diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following
initial treatments should the nurse anticipate?
A) Rapid administration of IV dextrose 50%.
B) IV infusion of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and regular insulin.
C) Oral administration of long-acting glargine insulin.
D) Withholding all fluids to prevent cerebral edema.
E) High-protein diet and bed rest.
Correct Answer: B) IV infusion of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and regular insulin.
Rationale: The priority in DKA is rehydration to correct electrolyte imbalances and restore
2026 UPDATED | SOLVED 100% CORRECT - WCU.
Question 1
A 10-year-old child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is being active at a soccer game.
Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to provide the parents?
A) Decrease the child's water intake during the game.
B) Provide an extra complex carbohydrate and protein snack before exercise.
C) Administer an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before the game.
D) Check the child’s blood glucose every 15 minutes during play.
E) Restrict the child from competitive sports to prevent hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: B) Provide an extra complex carbohydrate and protein snack before
exercise.
Rationale: Exercise increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by the muscles, which
can lead to hypoglycemia. To prevent this, children with T1DM should consume an extra
snack containing 15-30g of carbohydrates for every 45-60 minutes of vigorous activity.
Protein helps sustain the glucose levels longer than simple sugars alone.
Question 2
The nurse is assessing an infant with suspected Pyloric Stenosis. Which finding is considered a
"classic" clinical manifestation of this condition?
A) Currant jelly-like stools.
B) Projectile, non-bile-stained vomiting after feedings.
C) Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
D) Severe RUQ pain that radiates to the back.
E) Frequent episodes of watery diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B) Projectile, non-bile-stained vomiting after feedings.
Rationale: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes an obstruction at the gastric outlet. Because
the blockage is above the bile duct, the emesis is non-bilious. The forceful nature
(projectile) occurs as the stomach attempts to push contents through the narrowed pylorus.
Question 3
Which laboratory result should the nurse expect to find in a child with Nephrotic Syndrome?
A) Low urine specific gravity.
B) Decreased serum lipids.
C) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
D) Elevated serum protein levels.
E) Hematuria with "cola-colored" urine.
Correct Answer: C) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased glomerular permeability to
proteins, specifically albumin. This leads to massive proteinuria. As the body loses albumin
, 2
in the urine, serum albumin levels drop (hypoalbuminemia), causing a shift in osmotic
pressure and subsequent edema.
Question 4
A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected Bacterial Meningitis. Which of the following
nursing interventions is the highest priority?
A) Administering oral fluids to maintain hydration.
B) Placing the child on Droplet Precautions.
C) Performing a detailed neurological assessment every 8 hours.
D) Assisting the child into a sitting position for comfort.
E) Encouraging the parents to bring the child's favorite toys.
Correct Answer: B) Placing the child on Droplet Precautions.
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis (specifically Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus
pneumoniae) is highly contagious and spreads via respiratory droplets. To protect other
patients and staff, the nurse must implement droplet precautions immediately upon
suspicion, even before the lumbar puncture results are finalized.
Question 5
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Congenital Hypothyroidism about medication
administration. Which statement indicates the parents understand the teaching?
A) "We will stop the medicine once the baby's thyroid levels are normal."
B) "We can mix the crushed pill in a full bottle of soy formula."
C) "This medication (Levothyroxine) will likely be needed for the rest of our child's life."
D) "We should give the medication only when the baby seems sluggish."
E) "We must wait until the baby is 2 years old to start treatment."
Correct Answer: C) "This medication (Levothyroxine) will likely be needed for the rest of
our child's life."
Rationale: Congenital hypothyroidism requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement to
ensure normal physical and cognitive development. Soy formula can interfere with the
absorption of levothyroxine and should be avoided or used cautiously. Treatment must start
immediately after birth to prevent permanent intellectual disability.
Question 6
What is a hallmark sign of Intussusception in an infant?
A) An olive-shaped mass in the epigastric area.
B) Acute abdominal pain where the infant screams and draws knees to the chest.
C) Severe constipation with a distended abdomen.
D) Projectile vomiting after every meal.
E) A high-pitched, barking cough.
Correct Answer: B) Acute abdominal pain where the infant screams and draws knees to the
chest.
, 3
Rationale: Intussusception involves the "telescoping" of one portion of the intestine into
another. This causes sudden, paroxysmal colicky pain. The infant typically appears normal
between episodes but screams and pulls their legs up during the painful intervals.
Question 7
A child is diagnosed with Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which of the
following is the most characteristic clinical finding?
A) Massive generalized edema and frothy urine.
B) Hypotension and increased urinary output.
C) Periorbital edema and "tea-colored" or "cola-colored" urine.
D) Extreme weight loss and polyphagia.
E) Clear, dilute urine with a low specific gravity.
Correct Answer: C) Periorbital edema and "tea-colored" or "cola-colored" urine.
Rationale: APSGN follows a strep infection. The inflammation of the glomeruli allows red
blood cells to leak into the urine. As the blood sits in the bladder, it acidifies and turns a
dark, tea/cola color (hematuria). Edema is common but usually starts in the periorbital
area in the morning.
Question 8
In a child with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which of the following is an early sign the
nurse should monitor for?
A) Bradycardia and bradypnea.
B) Fixed and dilated pupils.
C) Headache and projectile vomiting.
D) Decerebrate posturing.
E) Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
Correct Answer: C) Headache and projectile vomiting.
Rationale: Early signs of increased ICP in an older child include headache (often worse in
the morning), nausea, and projectile vomiting not associated with meals. Late signs include
Cushing’s Triad (bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations) and posturing.
Question 9
The nurse is preparing to administer Growth Hormone (GH) to a child with GH deficiency. What
is the most appropriate route and timing for this medication?
A) Intramuscularly every morning before school.
B) Subcutaneously at bedtime.
C) Orally twice a day with meals.
D) Intravenously during a hospital admission once a month.
E) Topically to the inner thigh once a week.
Correct Answer: B) Subcutaneously at bedtime.
Rationale: GH is administered subcutaneously. It is given at bedtime because physiological
, 4
GH secretion typically peaks during the first 45-90 minutes of sleep. Giving the injection at
night mimics the body's natural rhythm.
Question 10
A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung Disease. What is the primary pathophysiological
defect in this condition?
A) A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
B) Telescoping of the bowel.
C) Absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon.
D) Herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity.
E) Excessive production of thick mucus in the intestines.
Correct Answer: C) Absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon.
Rationale: Hirschsprung Disease is a mechanical obstruction caused by the lack of
intramural ganglion cells in the enteric nerve plexuses. This results in a lack of peristalsis
in the affected segment, causing stool to back up and the proximal colon to dilate
(megacolon).
Question 11
The nurse is caring for an infant with a Cleft Lip and Palate. What is the primary concern for the
nurse in the preoperative period?
A) Risk for infection of the surgical site.
B) Maintenance of adequate nutrition and prevention of aspiration.
C) Prevention of speech delays.
D) Monitoring for hearing loss.
E) Ensuring the infant can smile normally.
Correct Answer: B) Maintenance of adequate nutrition and prevention of aspiration.
Rationale: Preoperatively, the structural defect makes it difficult for the infant to create a
vacuum for sucking. This increases the risk for poor feeding and the inhalation of formula
into the airway (aspiration). Special nipples and positioning are used to mitigate these
risks.
Question 12
A child is admitted with a diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following
initial treatments should the nurse anticipate?
A) Rapid administration of IV dextrose 50%.
B) IV infusion of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and regular insulin.
C) Oral administration of long-acting glargine insulin.
D) Withholding all fluids to prevent cerebral edema.
E) High-protein diet and bed rest.
Correct Answer: B) IV infusion of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and regular insulin.
Rationale: The priority in DKA is rehydration to correct electrolyte imbalances and restore
