Prosthetics & Orthotics Exam 1 (Latest
UPDATE) Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
What are the areas that an orthotic should address? - correct answer ▪Swing
clearance
▪Prepositioning for initial contact
▪Controlled lowering of foot in early stance
▪Stability in single limb stance
Orthotic Training - correct answer 1. For SAFETY, always start in the parallel bars with
a gait belt on. Even if they are good walkers, an orthosis can change their gait
unexpectedly in unstable ways. Ex. An AFO can change knee stability causing a flexion
moment.
2. Ability to put on, use and remove the device and to understand its use and care
3. Standing balance
4. Gait Training
Reciprocal gait - 4 point and 2 point
Simultaneous gait - drag-to, swing-to and swing-through
,Varied cognitive levels (talk and walk, busy environment)
Vary surfaces (ramps, curbs, stairs, uneven terrain)
5. Transfer Training (chairs with and without armrest, blocked and unblocked, toilets,
cars, floor)
What are signs/symptoms of arterial PVD? - correct answer - Intermittent claudication
- Reduced or absent pulses distal to the obstruction
- Burning, ischemic pain at rest
- Rest pain may be aggravated by elevating the extremity and relieved by hanging the
foot over the side of the bed or chair
- Ischemic extremities are characterized by decreased skin temp, dry and scaly or
shiny skin, poor nail and hair growth and possible ulcerations of WB surfaces
- Bruit of affected vessel
- ABI < 0.96
What are the stages of the *Fontaine Classification of PAD*? - correct answer 1.
Asymptomatic
2. Intermittent claudication
2a. Pain free, claudication walking 200m
2b. Pain free, claudication walking < 200m
,3. Rest & Nocturnal Pain
4. Necrosis, gangrene
ABI Interpretation - correct answer >0.96 Normal
<0.95 Abnormal, stress testing is appropriate
<0.8 Probable Claudication
<0.5 Multi-level disease, or long segment occlusion
<0.3 Ischemic rest pain possible tissue necrosis
*If Brachial pressure is <100mmHg or ankle pressure >200mmHg, measurements may
be normal at 0.75*
Risk Factors for DVT - correct answer - Surgery
- Previous DVT
- LE fracture/trauma
- Postoperative sepsis
, - Late stage pregnancy or post partum
- Varicose veins
- Catheterization
- Stasis of Blood flow (post-op immobilization, prolonged bed rest, CHF, MI, CVA, SCI,
Obesity, sitting legs crossed)
Signs/Symptoms of DVT - correct answer - Swelling
- Warmth & red/blue/brown discoloration of extremity
- Dependent Edema
- Prominence of superficial veins
- Tenderness
- pain
- fever
- chills
- malaise
- cyanosis of affected extremity
- >50% are clinically silent
Wells Criteria Scale - correct answer <0 = low risk 3%
(95% CI 1.75%-5.9%)
1 or 2 = moderate risk 17%
UPDATE) Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
What are the areas that an orthotic should address? - correct answer ▪Swing
clearance
▪Prepositioning for initial contact
▪Controlled lowering of foot in early stance
▪Stability in single limb stance
Orthotic Training - correct answer 1. For SAFETY, always start in the parallel bars with
a gait belt on. Even if they are good walkers, an orthosis can change their gait
unexpectedly in unstable ways. Ex. An AFO can change knee stability causing a flexion
moment.
2. Ability to put on, use and remove the device and to understand its use and care
3. Standing balance
4. Gait Training
Reciprocal gait - 4 point and 2 point
Simultaneous gait - drag-to, swing-to and swing-through
,Varied cognitive levels (talk and walk, busy environment)
Vary surfaces (ramps, curbs, stairs, uneven terrain)
5. Transfer Training (chairs with and without armrest, blocked and unblocked, toilets,
cars, floor)
What are signs/symptoms of arterial PVD? - correct answer - Intermittent claudication
- Reduced or absent pulses distal to the obstruction
- Burning, ischemic pain at rest
- Rest pain may be aggravated by elevating the extremity and relieved by hanging the
foot over the side of the bed or chair
- Ischemic extremities are characterized by decreased skin temp, dry and scaly or
shiny skin, poor nail and hair growth and possible ulcerations of WB surfaces
- Bruit of affected vessel
- ABI < 0.96
What are the stages of the *Fontaine Classification of PAD*? - correct answer 1.
Asymptomatic
2. Intermittent claudication
2a. Pain free, claudication walking 200m
2b. Pain free, claudication walking < 200m
,3. Rest & Nocturnal Pain
4. Necrosis, gangrene
ABI Interpretation - correct answer >0.96 Normal
<0.95 Abnormal, stress testing is appropriate
<0.8 Probable Claudication
<0.5 Multi-level disease, or long segment occlusion
<0.3 Ischemic rest pain possible tissue necrosis
*If Brachial pressure is <100mmHg or ankle pressure >200mmHg, measurements may
be normal at 0.75*
Risk Factors for DVT - correct answer - Surgery
- Previous DVT
- LE fracture/trauma
- Postoperative sepsis
, - Late stage pregnancy or post partum
- Varicose veins
- Catheterization
- Stasis of Blood flow (post-op immobilization, prolonged bed rest, CHF, MI, CVA, SCI,
Obesity, sitting legs crossed)
Signs/Symptoms of DVT - correct answer - Swelling
- Warmth & red/blue/brown discoloration of extremity
- Dependent Edema
- Prominence of superficial veins
- Tenderness
- pain
- fever
- chills
- malaise
- cyanosis of affected extremity
- >50% are clinically silent
Wells Criteria Scale - correct answer <0 = low risk 3%
(95% CI 1.75%-5.9%)
1 or 2 = moderate risk 17%
