HESI PN NUTRITION PRACTICE EXAM
ACTUAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ The nurse is planning to teach a client with malabsorption syndrome
about the necessity of following a low-fat diet. The nurse develops a list
of high-fat foods to avoid and should include which food items on the
list? Select all that apply.
1. Oranges
2. Broccoli
3. Margarine
4. Cream cheese
5. Luncheon meats
6. Broiled haddock. Answer: 3, 4, 5Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend
to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal sources.
Broiled haddock is also naturally lower in fat. Margarine, cream cheese,
and luncheon meats are high-fat foods.
⩥ The nurse instructs a client with chronic kidney disease who is
receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. The nurse
determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the
client selects which items from the dietary menu?
1. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee
2. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice
,3. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice
4. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, orange juice. Answer: 1Rationale: The
diet for a client with chronic kidney disease who is receiving
hemodialysis should include controlled amounts of sodium, phosphorus,
calcium, potassium, and fluids, which is indicated in the correct option.
The food items in the remaining options are high in sodium, phosphorus,
or potassium.
⩥ The nurse is conducting a dietary assessment on a client who is on a
vegan diet. The nurse provides dietary teaching and should focus on
foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet?
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B12
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin E. Answer: 2Rationale: Vegans do not consume any animal
products. Vitamin B12 is found in animal products and therefore would
most likely be lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamins A, C, and E are found in
fresh fruits and vegetables, which are consumed in a vegan diet.
⩥ A client with hypertension has been told to maintain a diet low in
sodium. The nurse who is teaching this client about foods that are
allowed should include which food item in a list provided to the client?
1. Tomato soup
2. Boiled shrimp
3. Instant oatmeal
,4. Summer squash. Answer: 4Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium
include fruits and vegetables (summer squash), because they do not
contain physiological saline. Highly processed or refined foods (tomato
soup, instant oatmeal) are higher in sodium unless their food labels
specifically state "low sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are high in
sodium.
⩥ A postoperative client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. The nurse
should provide the client with which items that are allowed to be
consumed on this diet? Select all that apply.
1. Broth
2. Coffee
3. Gelatin
4. Pudding
5. Vegetable juice
6. Pureed vegetables. Answer: 1, 2, 3Rationale: A clear liquid diet
consists of foods that are relatively transparent to light and are clear and
liquid at room and body temperature. These foods include items such as
water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy,
lemonade, ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. The
incorrect food items are items that are allowed on a full liquid diet.
⩥ The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension on the importance
of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to
limit intake of which food?
1. Apples
, 2. Bananas
3. Smoked sausage
4. Steamed vegetables. Answer: 3Rationale: Smoked foods are high in
sodium, which is noted in the correct option. The remaining options are
fruits and vegetables, which are low in sodium.
⩥ A client who is recovering from surgery has been advanced from a
clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. The client is looking forward to the
diet change because he has been "bored" with the clear liquid diet. The
nurse should offer which full liquid item to the client?
1. Tea
2. Gelatin
3. Custard
4. Ice pop. Answer: 3Rationale: Full liquid food items include items
such as plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk, pudding and
custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, and strained
vegetable juices. A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are relatively
transparent. The food items in the incorrect options are clear liquids.
⩥ A client is recovering from abdominal surgery and has a large
abdominal wound. The nurse should encourage the client to eat which
food item that is naturally high in vitamin C to promote wound healing?
1. Milk
2. Oranges
3. Bananas
ACTUAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ The nurse is planning to teach a client with malabsorption syndrome
about the necessity of following a low-fat diet. The nurse develops a list
of high-fat foods to avoid and should include which food items on the
list? Select all that apply.
1. Oranges
2. Broccoli
3. Margarine
4. Cream cheese
5. Luncheon meats
6. Broiled haddock. Answer: 3, 4, 5Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend
to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal sources.
Broiled haddock is also naturally lower in fat. Margarine, cream cheese,
and luncheon meats are high-fat foods.
⩥ The nurse instructs a client with chronic kidney disease who is
receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. The nurse
determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the
client selects which items from the dietary menu?
1. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee
2. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice
,3. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice
4. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, orange juice. Answer: 1Rationale: The
diet for a client with chronic kidney disease who is receiving
hemodialysis should include controlled amounts of sodium, phosphorus,
calcium, potassium, and fluids, which is indicated in the correct option.
The food items in the remaining options are high in sodium, phosphorus,
or potassium.
⩥ The nurse is conducting a dietary assessment on a client who is on a
vegan diet. The nurse provides dietary teaching and should focus on
foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet?
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B12
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin E. Answer: 2Rationale: Vegans do not consume any animal
products. Vitamin B12 is found in animal products and therefore would
most likely be lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamins A, C, and E are found in
fresh fruits and vegetables, which are consumed in a vegan diet.
⩥ A client with hypertension has been told to maintain a diet low in
sodium. The nurse who is teaching this client about foods that are
allowed should include which food item in a list provided to the client?
1. Tomato soup
2. Boiled shrimp
3. Instant oatmeal
,4. Summer squash. Answer: 4Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium
include fruits and vegetables (summer squash), because they do not
contain physiological saline. Highly processed or refined foods (tomato
soup, instant oatmeal) are higher in sodium unless their food labels
specifically state "low sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are high in
sodium.
⩥ A postoperative client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. The nurse
should provide the client with which items that are allowed to be
consumed on this diet? Select all that apply.
1. Broth
2. Coffee
3. Gelatin
4. Pudding
5. Vegetable juice
6. Pureed vegetables. Answer: 1, 2, 3Rationale: A clear liquid diet
consists of foods that are relatively transparent to light and are clear and
liquid at room and body temperature. These foods include items such as
water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy,
lemonade, ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. The
incorrect food items are items that are allowed on a full liquid diet.
⩥ The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension on the importance
of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to
limit intake of which food?
1. Apples
, 2. Bananas
3. Smoked sausage
4. Steamed vegetables. Answer: 3Rationale: Smoked foods are high in
sodium, which is noted in the correct option. The remaining options are
fruits and vegetables, which are low in sodium.
⩥ A client who is recovering from surgery has been advanced from a
clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. The client is looking forward to the
diet change because he has been "bored" with the clear liquid diet. The
nurse should offer which full liquid item to the client?
1. Tea
2. Gelatin
3. Custard
4. Ice pop. Answer: 3Rationale: Full liquid food items include items
such as plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk, pudding and
custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, and strained
vegetable juices. A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are relatively
transparent. The food items in the incorrect options are clear liquids.
⩥ A client is recovering from abdominal surgery and has a large
abdominal wound. The nurse should encourage the client to eat which
food item that is naturally high in vitamin C to promote wound healing?
1. Milk
2. Oranges
3. Bananas
