HCR 240 Module 1 Learning Guide Overview || Possible Questions
Accurately Answered.
Etiology correct answers Original cause of cell altercation or disease
Histology correct answers Microscopic study of tissue
Biopsy correct answers Sample for histological analysis
Pathognomic Changes correct answers Unique, identifying disease presentations. I.E. crater-like
formation in stomach which shows ulcer
Atrophy correct answers Cells revert to smaller size due to reduction in metabolic demand. I.E.
paralysis causing shrinkage of skeletal muscle
Hypertrophy correct answers Increase in individual cell size. (Physiological/pathological)
Physiological Hypertrophy correct answers cell enlargement with adequate supporting tissues.
Such as exercise
Pathological Hypertrophy correct answers occurs when there is an increase in cellular size
without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for the enlarged cell's increased
metabolic needs. I.E. cardiac enlargement in response to its increased workload.
Hyperplasia correct answers Increase in number of cells. Available in cells that can divide. Can
be adaptive or maladaptive
Metaplasia correct answers Changing cell types in response to stress. I.E. Barretts Esophagus
, Dysplasia correct answers Mutations, deranged cellular growth due to mutations. Often have
chronic inflammation
Neoplasia correct answers Usually cancer. Often used with the word tumor.
Hypoxia correct answers Diminished oxygen to cells.
Free Radical Injury correct answers •Formed during aerobic metabolism
•AKA: reactive oxygen species
•Contain unpaired electrons which interact with and disrupt plasma membrane
•Cells have protective mechanisms
‒Series of enzymes, superoxide dismutases
‒Oxidative stress: protective mechanisms overwhelmed
Apoptosis correct answers Good. Programmed cell death, does not cause inflammation, adaptive
change.
Necrosis correct answers Bad. Disordered cell death Cell becomes leaky .
Infarction correct answers Death of tissue results from prolonged low oxygen.
Gangrene correct answers Decomposition of tissue from prolonged necrosis. Dry (good, has a
line of demarcation present between healthy & bad tissue) or Wet (bad, actively spreads)
meiosis correct answers sexual reproduction. Have the most genetic diversity possible
mitosis correct answers what the body does to split from cell to cell. doesn't want genetic
diversity
Accurately Answered.
Etiology correct answers Original cause of cell altercation or disease
Histology correct answers Microscopic study of tissue
Biopsy correct answers Sample for histological analysis
Pathognomic Changes correct answers Unique, identifying disease presentations. I.E. crater-like
formation in stomach which shows ulcer
Atrophy correct answers Cells revert to smaller size due to reduction in metabolic demand. I.E.
paralysis causing shrinkage of skeletal muscle
Hypertrophy correct answers Increase in individual cell size. (Physiological/pathological)
Physiological Hypertrophy correct answers cell enlargement with adequate supporting tissues.
Such as exercise
Pathological Hypertrophy correct answers occurs when there is an increase in cellular size
without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for the enlarged cell's increased
metabolic needs. I.E. cardiac enlargement in response to its increased workload.
Hyperplasia correct answers Increase in number of cells. Available in cells that can divide. Can
be adaptive or maladaptive
Metaplasia correct answers Changing cell types in response to stress. I.E. Barretts Esophagus
, Dysplasia correct answers Mutations, deranged cellular growth due to mutations. Often have
chronic inflammation
Neoplasia correct answers Usually cancer. Often used with the word tumor.
Hypoxia correct answers Diminished oxygen to cells.
Free Radical Injury correct answers •Formed during aerobic metabolism
•AKA: reactive oxygen species
•Contain unpaired electrons which interact with and disrupt plasma membrane
•Cells have protective mechanisms
‒Series of enzymes, superoxide dismutases
‒Oxidative stress: protective mechanisms overwhelmed
Apoptosis correct answers Good. Programmed cell death, does not cause inflammation, adaptive
change.
Necrosis correct answers Bad. Disordered cell death Cell becomes leaky .
Infarction correct answers Death of tissue results from prolonged low oxygen.
Gangrene correct answers Decomposition of tissue from prolonged necrosis. Dry (good, has a
line of demarcation present between healthy & bad tissue) or Wet (bad, actively spreads)
meiosis correct answers sexual reproduction. Have the most genetic diversity possible
mitosis correct answers what the body does to split from cell to cell. doesn't want genetic
diversity
