MICR 271 Module 6 || Guaranteed Pass.
Who developed innovate laboratory glassware and experimental methods that conducted to the
young field of bacteriology in the late 19th century? correct answers Louis Pasteur
1861 - The Pasteur Effect correct answers -introduces terms aerobic and anaerobic
-observes that alcohol was produced in absence of oxygen when sugar is fermented
1880 - Attenuated Vaccines correct answers -Pasteur develops a method of attenuating a virulent
pathogen, so it would immunize and not cause disease
-conceptual breakthrough for establishing protection against disease by inoculation of a a
weakened strain of causative agent
1890 - Bacterial Nitrification correct answers -Windogradsky succeeds in isolating nitrifying
bacteria from soil and preforms major definitive work on organisms responsible for process of
nitrification in nature
1897 - Yeast Fementation correct answers -Buchner publishes first evidence of a cell-free
fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast
-this discovery refutes Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires presence of live cells
1901 - Growth Factors correct answers -water-soluble compound of yeast, later found to be a B
vitamin that is required for the growth of yeast
1905 - Chemicals Produced by Bacteria correct answers -aerobic bacilli isolated —> produces
acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid
1906 - Energy and Carbon Sources correct answers -groundbreaking work on methane-using and
methane-producing bacteria
-first proof that methane can serve as an energy and carbon source
,1924 - Oxidation, Fermentation, and Biosynthesis correct answers -points out that life on earth
would not be possible without microbes
1928 - Bacterial Transformation correct answers -Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria
and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics
1944 - DNA role in Bacterial Transformation correct answers -shows that DNA is the
transforming material in cells
1957 - Microbial Production of Amino Acids correct answers -discovers that bacteria can be used
to produce monosodium glutamate
-leads to a new industry
1967 - Understanding Synthesis of Proteins Through Translation correct answers -proposed the
existence of transfer RNA that uses a three base code and mediates in the synthesis of proteins
-triplet nature of genetic code was first found in T4 phage
1965 - Molecular Systematics correct answers -Pauling unlocked the key to the field of nucleic
acid-based identification of microorganisms by intro of the concept of molecular systematics
using proteins and nucleic acids
1966 - Genetic Control correct answers -realization that chromosomes could be redesigned and
genes moved
1967 - Thermophile Bacterium Machinery correct answers -Brock identifies a thermophile
bacterium from which heat stable DNA polymerase is later isolated and used in PCR
1970 - Restriction Enzymes & Reverse Transciptase correct answers -Smith & Wilcox describe
the action of restriction enzymes which quickly becomes tools for sizing DNA
, -Howard Temin & David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses
1973 - Recombinant DNA correct answers -if DNA is broken into fragments & combined w/
plasmid DNA, such recombinant DNA molecules will reproduce if inserted into bacterial cells
1977 - Sequencing DNA correct answers -Gilbert uses technique to determine the sequence of an
operon in a bacterial genome
-Sanger use the technique to determine the sequence of all 5375 nucelotides of phage phi-X174
1988 - PCR Technology correct answers -heat stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus
to establish PCR technology
Key discovery: Virulent pathogens can be attenuated
Scientific significance? correct answers conceptual breakthrough for the development of
vaccines
Key discovery: Isolation of aerobic bacilli
Scientific significance? correct answers used for the production of important industrial chemicals
Key discovery: Transformation discovered in bacteria
Scientific significance? correct answers helped form the basis of molecular genetics
Key discovery: Discovery of a three-base code in T4 bacteriophage
Scientific significance? correct answers all forms of life use this principle to mediate protein
syntheis
Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism
Scientific significance? correct answers realized chromosomes can be redesigned and genes
moved
Who developed innovate laboratory glassware and experimental methods that conducted to the
young field of bacteriology in the late 19th century? correct answers Louis Pasteur
1861 - The Pasteur Effect correct answers -introduces terms aerobic and anaerobic
-observes that alcohol was produced in absence of oxygen when sugar is fermented
1880 - Attenuated Vaccines correct answers -Pasteur develops a method of attenuating a virulent
pathogen, so it would immunize and not cause disease
-conceptual breakthrough for establishing protection against disease by inoculation of a a
weakened strain of causative agent
1890 - Bacterial Nitrification correct answers -Windogradsky succeeds in isolating nitrifying
bacteria from soil and preforms major definitive work on organisms responsible for process of
nitrification in nature
1897 - Yeast Fementation correct answers -Buchner publishes first evidence of a cell-free
fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast
-this discovery refutes Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires presence of live cells
1901 - Growth Factors correct answers -water-soluble compound of yeast, later found to be a B
vitamin that is required for the growth of yeast
1905 - Chemicals Produced by Bacteria correct answers -aerobic bacilli isolated —> produces
acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid
1906 - Energy and Carbon Sources correct answers -groundbreaking work on methane-using and
methane-producing bacteria
-first proof that methane can serve as an energy and carbon source
,1924 - Oxidation, Fermentation, and Biosynthesis correct answers -points out that life on earth
would not be possible without microbes
1928 - Bacterial Transformation correct answers -Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria
and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics
1944 - DNA role in Bacterial Transformation correct answers -shows that DNA is the
transforming material in cells
1957 - Microbial Production of Amino Acids correct answers -discovers that bacteria can be used
to produce monosodium glutamate
-leads to a new industry
1967 - Understanding Synthesis of Proteins Through Translation correct answers -proposed the
existence of transfer RNA that uses a three base code and mediates in the synthesis of proteins
-triplet nature of genetic code was first found in T4 phage
1965 - Molecular Systematics correct answers -Pauling unlocked the key to the field of nucleic
acid-based identification of microorganisms by intro of the concept of molecular systematics
using proteins and nucleic acids
1966 - Genetic Control correct answers -realization that chromosomes could be redesigned and
genes moved
1967 - Thermophile Bacterium Machinery correct answers -Brock identifies a thermophile
bacterium from which heat stable DNA polymerase is later isolated and used in PCR
1970 - Restriction Enzymes & Reverse Transciptase correct answers -Smith & Wilcox describe
the action of restriction enzymes which quickly becomes tools for sizing DNA
, -Howard Temin & David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses
1973 - Recombinant DNA correct answers -if DNA is broken into fragments & combined w/
plasmid DNA, such recombinant DNA molecules will reproduce if inserted into bacterial cells
1977 - Sequencing DNA correct answers -Gilbert uses technique to determine the sequence of an
operon in a bacterial genome
-Sanger use the technique to determine the sequence of all 5375 nucelotides of phage phi-X174
1988 - PCR Technology correct answers -heat stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus
to establish PCR technology
Key discovery: Virulent pathogens can be attenuated
Scientific significance? correct answers conceptual breakthrough for the development of
vaccines
Key discovery: Isolation of aerobic bacilli
Scientific significance? correct answers used for the production of important industrial chemicals
Key discovery: Transformation discovered in bacteria
Scientific significance? correct answers helped form the basis of molecular genetics
Key discovery: Discovery of a three-base code in T4 bacteriophage
Scientific significance? correct answers all forms of life use this principle to mediate protein
syntheis
Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism
Scientific significance? correct answers realized chromosomes can be redesigned and genes
moved
