Science Biology Physiology
BIOL 252 Exam 3 Exam ()
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Terms in this set (190)
Hypoxic Blood cells without enough oxygen. Causes = blood loss, low
level of O2 in atmosphere (high elevations), abrupt increase in
body's O2 consumption ( just starting to exercise). Doping
athletes with erythropoietin
Functions of blood Transport, protection, regulation
Transport Blood carries oxygen from lungs, picks up nutrients, carries
wastes and hormones, transports stem cells
Protections Inflammation, WBCs destroy microorganisms, antibodies,
platelets secrete blood clotting factors
Regulation Fluid under certain conditions, buffering, dissipating heat
Characteristics of blood Opaque, sticky substance. 8% of body weight
,Blood pH Buffers acids and bases - blood proteins help to stabilize pH
of extracellular fluids. Blood pH = 7.35-7.45.
Blood osmolarity Total molarity of dissolved particles that can't pass through
blood vessel wall. Nourish surrounding cells and remove their
wastes. Transfer of fluids depends on balance between
filtration of fluid from capillary and reabsorption by osmosis.
Blood viscosity Whole blood: 4.5-5.5x as viscous as water (bc of RBCs).
Plasma: 2.0x water (bc of protein). Governs flow of blood
through vessels. Reduction = blood flows too easily; increase
= blood flows to sluggishly
Blood temperature Temperature of blood a little higher than temperature of body.
Heat associated with inflammation.
Blood amount - sexes Males: 5-6L, have more because bodies generally bigger.
Females: 4-5 L. If body weight increases, amount of blood in
body increase too to feed extra tissue
Components of blood Plasma, hematocrit, formed elements
Plasma Clear, light yellow fluid. Matrix.
Serum Plasma without clotting protein fibrinogen
RBC count and hemoglobin concentration 1) Androgens stimulate RBC production, men have higher
lower in women because... androgen levels. 2) Women of reproductive age have periodic
menstrual losses. 3) Hematocrit inversely proportional to
percent body fat, averages higher in women
Blood sample Centrifuge to separate. Straw colored top layer (~55%). Buffy
coat (1%). Reddish mass (males - 47%, females - 42%) - males
higher % because of testosterone.
Hematocrit % erythrocytes. %RBC/total blood volume. Components =
erythrocytes
Formed elements All arise from hemocytoblast. Suspended in plasma. Cells and
cell fragments. Red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets. Not cells. Erythrocytes (RBCs), platelets,
leukocytes (WBCs) - granulocytes and agranulocytes
Plasma components Water, plasma proteins, small solutes
Buffy coat components Platelets, leukocytes
, Blood plasma components Water (about 90% of blood volume). Dissolved solutes
(nutrients, gases, hormones, waste products, proteins)
Blood plasma proteins 7% w/v. Albumin (55+%). Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma).
Fibrinogen
Albumin Maintains osmotic pressure (keeps fluid in blood). If you
didn't have it, when fluid leaks out of capillaries to nurture
tissues as its supposed to, aren't able to return enough
liquid to
capillaries, dehydrated. Made in liver. Late stage
alcoholics have hard, enlarged, tight belly - their liver
compromised - fluid leaks into the ascites because of
reduced albumin.
Transports solutes, buffers blood plasma pH. Contributes to
viscosity and osmolarity of blood.
Globulins Alpha, beta, gamma. Endocrine system - transport steroids.
Gamma globulins part of immune system. Antibodies -
associated with immune function, type of protein, gamma
globulins ARE antibodies. Antigens - cell surface, identifying
proteins, gamma globulins are NOT antigens. All except
gamma made in liver. Gamma made from plasma cells
(descended from B lymphocytes)
Fibrinogen "-ogen" = inactive. Inactive. Fiberlike protein dissolved in
blood. When activated - very important in clotting. Made in
liver
Cirrhosis Liver disease. Results in decreased albumin - reduced
osmotic pressure and ascites. Reduced clotting factors - easy
bruising and delayed clotting
Erythrocytes RBC. Bi-concave. Bags of hemoglobin. Almost no
mitochondria. Hematopoiesis. Pick up O2 from lungs and
deliver to tissues elsewhere. Pick up CO2 from tissues and
unload in lungs.
Bi-concave shape of RBC Makes them very flexible. Squeeze through tiny capillaries. No
nucleus. Shape increases SA/V ratio - increase speed of
oxygen diffusion (maybe). At maturation: spit out nucleus and
most organelles - lots of room for hemoglobin, they're not
using the oxygen themselves. Can't repair any damage - short
lifespan. RBCs lack mitochondria - can't do aerobic respiration
- prevents them from consuming O2 they need to deliver to
other tissues
Hemopoiesis Production of blood, especially its formed elements
Hematopoiesis Formation of new blood cells (100 billion/day)
Hemoglobin In cytoplasm of RBC. Red pigment. Role in O2 transport. Aids
in transport of CO2 and buffering of blood pH.
BIOL 252 Exam 3 Exam ()
Questions and Verified Answers, 100%
Guarantee Pass
C
Terms in this set (190)
Hypoxic Blood cells without enough oxygen. Causes = blood loss, low
level of O2 in atmosphere (high elevations), abrupt increase in
body's O2 consumption ( just starting to exercise). Doping
athletes with erythropoietin
Functions of blood Transport, protection, regulation
Transport Blood carries oxygen from lungs, picks up nutrients, carries
wastes and hormones, transports stem cells
Protections Inflammation, WBCs destroy microorganisms, antibodies,
platelets secrete blood clotting factors
Regulation Fluid under certain conditions, buffering, dissipating heat
Characteristics of blood Opaque, sticky substance. 8% of body weight
,Blood pH Buffers acids and bases - blood proteins help to stabilize pH
of extracellular fluids. Blood pH = 7.35-7.45.
Blood osmolarity Total molarity of dissolved particles that can't pass through
blood vessel wall. Nourish surrounding cells and remove their
wastes. Transfer of fluids depends on balance between
filtration of fluid from capillary and reabsorption by osmosis.
Blood viscosity Whole blood: 4.5-5.5x as viscous as water (bc of RBCs).
Plasma: 2.0x water (bc of protein). Governs flow of blood
through vessels. Reduction = blood flows too easily; increase
= blood flows to sluggishly
Blood temperature Temperature of blood a little higher than temperature of body.
Heat associated with inflammation.
Blood amount - sexes Males: 5-6L, have more because bodies generally bigger.
Females: 4-5 L. If body weight increases, amount of blood in
body increase too to feed extra tissue
Components of blood Plasma, hematocrit, formed elements
Plasma Clear, light yellow fluid. Matrix.
Serum Plasma without clotting protein fibrinogen
RBC count and hemoglobin concentration 1) Androgens stimulate RBC production, men have higher
lower in women because... androgen levels. 2) Women of reproductive age have periodic
menstrual losses. 3) Hematocrit inversely proportional to
percent body fat, averages higher in women
Blood sample Centrifuge to separate. Straw colored top layer (~55%). Buffy
coat (1%). Reddish mass (males - 47%, females - 42%) - males
higher % because of testosterone.
Hematocrit % erythrocytes. %RBC/total blood volume. Components =
erythrocytes
Formed elements All arise from hemocytoblast. Suspended in plasma. Cells and
cell fragments. Red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets. Not cells. Erythrocytes (RBCs), platelets,
leukocytes (WBCs) - granulocytes and agranulocytes
Plasma components Water, plasma proteins, small solutes
Buffy coat components Platelets, leukocytes
, Blood plasma components Water (about 90% of blood volume). Dissolved solutes
(nutrients, gases, hormones, waste products, proteins)
Blood plasma proteins 7% w/v. Albumin (55+%). Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma).
Fibrinogen
Albumin Maintains osmotic pressure (keeps fluid in blood). If you
didn't have it, when fluid leaks out of capillaries to nurture
tissues as its supposed to, aren't able to return enough
liquid to
capillaries, dehydrated. Made in liver. Late stage
alcoholics have hard, enlarged, tight belly - their liver
compromised - fluid leaks into the ascites because of
reduced albumin.
Transports solutes, buffers blood plasma pH. Contributes to
viscosity and osmolarity of blood.
Globulins Alpha, beta, gamma. Endocrine system - transport steroids.
Gamma globulins part of immune system. Antibodies -
associated with immune function, type of protein, gamma
globulins ARE antibodies. Antigens - cell surface, identifying
proteins, gamma globulins are NOT antigens. All except
gamma made in liver. Gamma made from plasma cells
(descended from B lymphocytes)
Fibrinogen "-ogen" = inactive. Inactive. Fiberlike protein dissolved in
blood. When activated - very important in clotting. Made in
liver
Cirrhosis Liver disease. Results in decreased albumin - reduced
osmotic pressure and ascites. Reduced clotting factors - easy
bruising and delayed clotting
Erythrocytes RBC. Bi-concave. Bags of hemoglobin. Almost no
mitochondria. Hematopoiesis. Pick up O2 from lungs and
deliver to tissues elsewhere. Pick up CO2 from tissues and
unload in lungs.
Bi-concave shape of RBC Makes them very flexible. Squeeze through tiny capillaries. No
nucleus. Shape increases SA/V ratio - increase speed of
oxygen diffusion (maybe). At maturation: spit out nucleus and
most organelles - lots of room for hemoglobin, they're not
using the oxygen themselves. Can't repair any damage - short
lifespan. RBCs lack mitochondria - can't do aerobic respiration
- prevents them from consuming O2 they need to deliver to
other tissues
Hemopoiesis Production of blood, especially its formed elements
Hematopoiesis Formation of new blood cells (100 billion/day)
Hemoglobin In cytoplasm of RBC. Red pigment. Role in O2 transport. Aids
in transport of CO2 and buffering of blood pH.
