S 290 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Name the 5 topographic factors that affect fire behavior.
Answer: Elevation
Position on slope
Aspect
Shape of the country
Steepness of slope
●● Name the 7 fuel factors that effect fire behavior.
Answer: Fuel loading
Size and shape
Compactness
Horizontal continuity
Vertical continuity
Chemical content
Fuel moisture and Fuel temperature
●● Which of the three components of fire enviornment, changes most
rapidly over time and space?.
,Answer: Weather
●● Which of the three components of the fire enviornment is the least
variable?.
Answer: Topography
●● Which fuel characteristics vary rapidly over time and space?.
Answer: Fuel moisture and Fuel temperature
●● The form of heat transfer that has the most influence on the rate of
spread in a ground fire is....
Answer: Conduction
●● These fires are difficult to extinguish and have smoldering or
creeping fire behavior.
Answer: Ground Fires
●● What form of heat transfer has the most influence on rate of spread
in a backing fire?.
Answer: Radiation
●● 3 ways convection energy can spread a fire.
Answer: 1. Cause spot fires
, 2. Preheat fuels through air and increased direct flame contact
3. Increase the amount of oxygen introduced on a fire
●● What form of heat transfer has the most influence on tree limbs.
Answer: Convection
●● List three forms of mass transport of firebrands on wildland fires.
Answer: 1. Convection
2. Wind
3. Gravity
●● Give 3 examples of fire brands affected by gravity.
Answer: 1. pine cones
2. yuccas
3. logs
●● Three requirements for long range spotting.
Answer: 1. Strong convective influence to create fire brands
2. High winds to spread the fire brands
3. A receptive fuel bed
●● Define Flamelength.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Name the 5 topographic factors that affect fire behavior.
Answer: Elevation
Position on slope
Aspect
Shape of the country
Steepness of slope
●● Name the 7 fuel factors that effect fire behavior.
Answer: Fuel loading
Size and shape
Compactness
Horizontal continuity
Vertical continuity
Chemical content
Fuel moisture and Fuel temperature
●● Which of the three components of fire enviornment, changes most
rapidly over time and space?.
,Answer: Weather
●● Which of the three components of the fire enviornment is the least
variable?.
Answer: Topography
●● Which fuel characteristics vary rapidly over time and space?.
Answer: Fuel moisture and Fuel temperature
●● The form of heat transfer that has the most influence on the rate of
spread in a ground fire is....
Answer: Conduction
●● These fires are difficult to extinguish and have smoldering or
creeping fire behavior.
Answer: Ground Fires
●● What form of heat transfer has the most influence on rate of spread
in a backing fire?.
Answer: Radiation
●● 3 ways convection energy can spread a fire.
Answer: 1. Cause spot fires
, 2. Preheat fuels through air and increased direct flame contact
3. Increase the amount of oxygen introduced on a fire
●● What form of heat transfer has the most influence on tree limbs.
Answer: Convection
●● List three forms of mass transport of firebrands on wildland fires.
Answer: 1. Convection
2. Wind
3. Gravity
●● Give 3 examples of fire brands affected by gravity.
Answer: 1. pine cones
2. yuccas
3. logs
●● Three requirements for long range spotting.
Answer: 1. Strong convective influence to create fire brands
2. High winds to spread the fire brands
3. A receptive fuel bed
●● Define Flamelength.
