NURS 535 CARSON NEWMAN UNIVERSITY
PEDIATRICS TEST 2 FINAL PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ challenges to pediatric care?
Answer: preterm births increasing, esp in racial and ethnic groups
substance use and abuse increasing, esp teens, increased risk for HIV
and other infections
obesity-> chronic dz
sedentary lifestyle increasing
⩥ improvements in pediatric care?
Answer: greater insurance coverage
birth rates in adolescents has decreased (overall)
infant mortality has decreased (still some disparities in ethnic groups)
⩥ What has an inverse relationship with infant mortality?
Answer: Mother's educational level
⩥ Contributing factors to health disparities?
Answer: social conditions
inequality
,discrimination
social stress
language barriers
poverty
education level
⩥ Tips for cultural considerations?
Answer: do cultural assessment of each pt
respectfully ask questions
use interpreter PRN
allow cultural practices that are not harmful- and address those that are-
provide education
⩥ Ethical standards in pediatrics?
Answer: Confidentiality- tricky with teens
Genetic testing and screening- only when there is a tx available or a dx
that would benefit child
Religious issues- Jehovah's witnesses-> refuse blood transfusions
Children as subjects in research
⩥ What can minors give in relation to healthcare when they understand
pros/cons to their care?
Answer: assent- NOT consent which is legally given at 18+
,⩥ What would a provider do in a life threatening situation for a patient
whose parents are refusing blood but they need it?
Answer: do what is best for patient, often have to get court involved
⩥ What aspect of their care can adolescents make decisions in prior to
18, without parent approval?
Answer: Sexual health and mental health
⩥ Legal considerations with pediatric patients?
Answer: health decisions, HIPPA, mature minors, emancipated minors,
interests of the state (think about pt with STI or drug problems)
⩥ Components of a pediatric well visit
Answer: History
Growth
Developmental assessment
PE
immunization status
Anticipatory guidance
Health screening
⩥ Initial history for peds pt would include:
, Answer: Family medical hx, neonatal hx, physical and mental health
history, developmental hx, history of feeding/nutrition problems,
complete ROS
Involves parent objective AND subjective POV
Involves CHILD POV
⩥ Things to focus on regarding child during peds well visit?
Answer: concerns
past problem follow up
Immunizations, screening test updates
routine care (eating, sleeping, elimination, etc)
developmental progress
behavioral problems
⩥ Things to focus on regarding environment during peds well visit?
Answer: Caregivers' interactions
family stresses
family support
peer interactions
school/work/activities
safety of environment
appropriate stimulation
PEDIATRICS TEST 2 FINAL PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ challenges to pediatric care?
Answer: preterm births increasing, esp in racial and ethnic groups
substance use and abuse increasing, esp teens, increased risk for HIV
and other infections
obesity-> chronic dz
sedentary lifestyle increasing
⩥ improvements in pediatric care?
Answer: greater insurance coverage
birth rates in adolescents has decreased (overall)
infant mortality has decreased (still some disparities in ethnic groups)
⩥ What has an inverse relationship with infant mortality?
Answer: Mother's educational level
⩥ Contributing factors to health disparities?
Answer: social conditions
inequality
,discrimination
social stress
language barriers
poverty
education level
⩥ Tips for cultural considerations?
Answer: do cultural assessment of each pt
respectfully ask questions
use interpreter PRN
allow cultural practices that are not harmful- and address those that are-
provide education
⩥ Ethical standards in pediatrics?
Answer: Confidentiality- tricky with teens
Genetic testing and screening- only when there is a tx available or a dx
that would benefit child
Religious issues- Jehovah's witnesses-> refuse blood transfusions
Children as subjects in research
⩥ What can minors give in relation to healthcare when they understand
pros/cons to their care?
Answer: assent- NOT consent which is legally given at 18+
,⩥ What would a provider do in a life threatening situation for a patient
whose parents are refusing blood but they need it?
Answer: do what is best for patient, often have to get court involved
⩥ What aspect of their care can adolescents make decisions in prior to
18, without parent approval?
Answer: Sexual health and mental health
⩥ Legal considerations with pediatric patients?
Answer: health decisions, HIPPA, mature minors, emancipated minors,
interests of the state (think about pt with STI or drug problems)
⩥ Components of a pediatric well visit
Answer: History
Growth
Developmental assessment
PE
immunization status
Anticipatory guidance
Health screening
⩥ Initial history for peds pt would include:
, Answer: Family medical hx, neonatal hx, physical and mental health
history, developmental hx, history of feeding/nutrition problems,
complete ROS
Involves parent objective AND subjective POV
Involves CHILD POV
⩥ Things to focus on regarding child during peds well visit?
Answer: concerns
past problem follow up
Immunizations, screening test updates
routine care (eating, sleeping, elimination, etc)
developmental progress
behavioral problems
⩥ Things to focus on regarding environment during peds well visit?
Answer: Caregivers' interactions
family stresses
family support
peer interactions
school/work/activities
safety of environment
appropriate stimulation
