,BIOD 102 Module 2 | Q&A | 2026/2027 | Essential Biology | Portage
Learning
1. Which group of green algae is the closest relative to land plants?
A) Chlorophytes
B) Charophytes
C) Rhodophytes
D) Phaeophytes
Correct Answer: Charophytes
Rationale: Charophytes share unique structural and biochemical traits with
land plants, such as cellulose-synthesizing proteins and similar cell division
mechanisms, making them the sister group to all land plants.
2. What challenge did the evolution of the cuticle present to land plants?
A) It allowed too much water to enter the plant
B) It prevented gas exchange for photosynthesis
C) It caused the plant to dry out
D) It blocked sunlight
Correct Answer: It prevented gas exchange for photosynthesis
Rationale: The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer that prevents desiccation.
However, it also prevents CO₂ from diffusing into the plant for
photosynthesis. Stomata evolved as pores that can open for gas exchange
and close to minimize water loss.
3. All plants exhibit alternation of generations. This means their life cycle:
A) Has only a multicellular diploid stage
,B) Has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid stage
C) Has only a single-celled haploid stage
D) Alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction
Correct Answer: Has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular
diploid stage
Rationale: Alternation of generations means the life cycle includes two
recognizable multicellular phases: the gametophyte (haploid, n) and the
sporophyte (diploid, 2n). The gametophyte produces gametes via mitosis,
and the sporophyte produces spores via meiosis.
4. In the alternation of generations, the gametophyte produces gametes by
which process?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Fertilization
Correct Answer: Mitosis
Rationale: The gametophyte is the haploid (n) multicellular phase that
produces gametes (egg and sperm) by mitosis. The sporophyte is the diploid
(2n) phase that produces spores by meiosis.
5. In the alternation of generations, the sporophyte produces spores by
which process?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
, C) Fertilization
D) Binary fission
Correct Answer: Meiosis
Rationale: The sporophyte is the diploid (2n) multicellular phase that
produces haploid spores through meiosis. These spores develop into the
gametophyte generation.
6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the alternation
of generations?
A) Sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → mitosis → gametes →
fertilization → sporophyte
B) Gametophyte → meiosis → gametes → sporophyte → mitosis → spores →
fertilization → gametophyte
C) Sporophyte → mitosis → spores → gametophyte → meiosis → gametes →
fertilization → sporophyte
D) Gametophyte → mitosis → spores → sporophyte → meiosis → gametes →
fertilization → gametophyte
Correct Answer: Sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → mitosis →
gametes → fertilization → sporophyte
Rationale: The diploid sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid
spores, which develop into haploid gametophytes. Gametophytes produce
gametes via mitosis, and fertilization restores the diploid sporophyte.
7. In bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), which generation is dominant and
most visible?
A) Sporophyte
Learning
1. Which group of green algae is the closest relative to land plants?
A) Chlorophytes
B) Charophytes
C) Rhodophytes
D) Phaeophytes
Correct Answer: Charophytes
Rationale: Charophytes share unique structural and biochemical traits with
land plants, such as cellulose-synthesizing proteins and similar cell division
mechanisms, making them the sister group to all land plants.
2. What challenge did the evolution of the cuticle present to land plants?
A) It allowed too much water to enter the plant
B) It prevented gas exchange for photosynthesis
C) It caused the plant to dry out
D) It blocked sunlight
Correct Answer: It prevented gas exchange for photosynthesis
Rationale: The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer that prevents desiccation.
However, it also prevents CO₂ from diffusing into the plant for
photosynthesis. Stomata evolved as pores that can open for gas exchange
and close to minimize water loss.
3. All plants exhibit alternation of generations. This means their life cycle:
A) Has only a multicellular diploid stage
,B) Has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid stage
C) Has only a single-celled haploid stage
D) Alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction
Correct Answer: Has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular
diploid stage
Rationale: Alternation of generations means the life cycle includes two
recognizable multicellular phases: the gametophyte (haploid, n) and the
sporophyte (diploid, 2n). The gametophyte produces gametes via mitosis,
and the sporophyte produces spores via meiosis.
4. In the alternation of generations, the gametophyte produces gametes by
which process?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Fertilization
Correct Answer: Mitosis
Rationale: The gametophyte is the haploid (n) multicellular phase that
produces gametes (egg and sperm) by mitosis. The sporophyte is the diploid
(2n) phase that produces spores by meiosis.
5. In the alternation of generations, the sporophyte produces spores by
which process?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
, C) Fertilization
D) Binary fission
Correct Answer: Meiosis
Rationale: The sporophyte is the diploid (2n) multicellular phase that
produces haploid spores through meiosis. These spores develop into the
gametophyte generation.
6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the alternation
of generations?
A) Sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → mitosis → gametes →
fertilization → sporophyte
B) Gametophyte → meiosis → gametes → sporophyte → mitosis → spores →
fertilization → gametophyte
C) Sporophyte → mitosis → spores → gametophyte → meiosis → gametes →
fertilization → sporophyte
D) Gametophyte → mitosis → spores → sporophyte → meiosis → gametes →
fertilization → gametophyte
Correct Answer: Sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → mitosis →
gametes → fertilization → sporophyte
Rationale: The diploid sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid
spores, which develop into haploid gametophytes. Gametophytes produce
gametes via mitosis, and fertilization restores the diploid sporophyte.
7. In bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), which generation is dominant and
most visible?
A) Sporophyte
