D203 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM PREP
◉ Anatomy. Answer: The study of the body's structure
◉ Physiology. Answer: The Study of the body's functioning
◉ Levels of human body (smallest to largest). Answer: Chemical,
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
◉ 11 Basic systems that make up human body. Answer: Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Digestive, Urinary,
Immune(lymphatic), Integumentary, Endocrine, Reproductive (male
and female)
◉ Anterior (Ventral). Answer: Front/ Direction toward front of body
◉ Posterior (Dorsal). Answer: Back/ Direction toward back of body
◉ Superior (Cranial). Answer: Position above/ higher than another
part of the body
,◉ Inferior (Caudal). Answer: Position below or lower then another
part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
◉ Lateral. Answer: Side or direction toward the side of the body
◉ Medial. Answer: Middle or direction toward middle of the body
◉ Proximal. Answer: Position in a limb that is nearer to the point of
attachment or trunk of the body.
◉ Distal. Answer: Position in a limb that is farther from the point of
attachment or the trunk of the body
◉ Superficial. Answer: Position closer to the surface of the body
◉ Deep. Answer: Position farther from the surface of the body
◉ What percent of body weight does skeletal system account for?.
Answer: 20%
◉ Humans have a vertebral column (backbone) so they are classified
as what?. Answer: vertebrates
◉ The bones of the skeleton are divided into two divisions:. Answer:
axial and appendicular
,◉ Axial skeleton is comprised of. Answer: Head and trunk of the
body. It includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), and rib cage.
Bones along the center, or axis, of the body. Bones of the extremities.
It is appended to the axial skeleton.
◉ Appendicular skeleton is comprised of. Answer: remaining bones
that are not axial so the bones of the limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet)
and girdles(shoulder and pelvic)
◉ How many bones in adult human skeleton. Answer: 206
◉ Compact bone tissue. Answer: forms the extremely hard outside
layer of bones. Gives bones their smooth, dense, solid appearance.
Accounts for 80% of total bone mass of adult skeleton
◉ Spongy bone tissue. Answer: Fills part or all of interior of bones. It
is porous like a sponge, with irregular networks of spaces. Much less
dense than compact bones. Greater surface area than compact bones
but only 20% of bone mass.
◉ Five classifications of bones based on size and structure. Answer:
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
◉ Long Bones. Answer: consist of long shaft, are cylindrical in cross-
section, and usually expanded at either end. Mostly comprised of
, compact bone but have spongy bone within ends. ACT AS LEVERS
FOR THE SKELETAL MUSCLES TO ACT UPON.
◉ Short Bones. Answer: Generally equal in width and length. Mainly
composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone.
ALLOW SMALL AMOUNTS OF VARIED MOVEMENT WHEN
ARTICULATED TOGETHER
◉ Flat Bones. Answer: Smooth, thin bones comprising of 2 thin and
flat plates of compact bone, between which lies a layer of spongy
bone. THEY PROTECT SOFT INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND
PROVIDE ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLES
◉ Irregular Bones. Answer: Elaborate in shape - not classified into
any other category
◉ Sesamoid Bones. Answer: Small or bony nodules embedded in a
tendon where it passes over an angular structure like a knee, hand,
wrist, or foot
◉ What type of bone are these? Humerus (upper arm), femur (thigh),
clavicle (collarbone), radius(forearm), ulna(forearm),
phalanges(fingers and toes), tibia (lower leg), fibula (lower leg).
Answer: Long Bones
◉ What type of bones are these? Carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle)
bones. Answer: Short Bones
PHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM PREP
◉ Anatomy. Answer: The study of the body's structure
◉ Physiology. Answer: The Study of the body's functioning
◉ Levels of human body (smallest to largest). Answer: Chemical,
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
◉ 11 Basic systems that make up human body. Answer: Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Digestive, Urinary,
Immune(lymphatic), Integumentary, Endocrine, Reproductive (male
and female)
◉ Anterior (Ventral). Answer: Front/ Direction toward front of body
◉ Posterior (Dorsal). Answer: Back/ Direction toward back of body
◉ Superior (Cranial). Answer: Position above/ higher than another
part of the body
,◉ Inferior (Caudal). Answer: Position below or lower then another
part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
◉ Lateral. Answer: Side or direction toward the side of the body
◉ Medial. Answer: Middle or direction toward middle of the body
◉ Proximal. Answer: Position in a limb that is nearer to the point of
attachment or trunk of the body.
◉ Distal. Answer: Position in a limb that is farther from the point of
attachment or the trunk of the body
◉ Superficial. Answer: Position closer to the surface of the body
◉ Deep. Answer: Position farther from the surface of the body
◉ What percent of body weight does skeletal system account for?.
Answer: 20%
◉ Humans have a vertebral column (backbone) so they are classified
as what?. Answer: vertebrates
◉ The bones of the skeleton are divided into two divisions:. Answer:
axial and appendicular
,◉ Axial skeleton is comprised of. Answer: Head and trunk of the
body. It includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), and rib cage.
Bones along the center, or axis, of the body. Bones of the extremities.
It is appended to the axial skeleton.
◉ Appendicular skeleton is comprised of. Answer: remaining bones
that are not axial so the bones of the limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet)
and girdles(shoulder and pelvic)
◉ How many bones in adult human skeleton. Answer: 206
◉ Compact bone tissue. Answer: forms the extremely hard outside
layer of bones. Gives bones their smooth, dense, solid appearance.
Accounts for 80% of total bone mass of adult skeleton
◉ Spongy bone tissue. Answer: Fills part or all of interior of bones. It
is porous like a sponge, with irregular networks of spaces. Much less
dense than compact bones. Greater surface area than compact bones
but only 20% of bone mass.
◉ Five classifications of bones based on size and structure. Answer:
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
◉ Long Bones. Answer: consist of long shaft, are cylindrical in cross-
section, and usually expanded at either end. Mostly comprised of
, compact bone but have spongy bone within ends. ACT AS LEVERS
FOR THE SKELETAL MUSCLES TO ACT UPON.
◉ Short Bones. Answer: Generally equal in width and length. Mainly
composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone.
ALLOW SMALL AMOUNTS OF VARIED MOVEMENT WHEN
ARTICULATED TOGETHER
◉ Flat Bones. Answer: Smooth, thin bones comprising of 2 thin and
flat plates of compact bone, between which lies a layer of spongy
bone. THEY PROTECT SOFT INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND
PROVIDE ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLES
◉ Irregular Bones. Answer: Elaborate in shape - not classified into
any other category
◉ Sesamoid Bones. Answer: Small or bony nodules embedded in a
tendon where it passes over an angular structure like a knee, hand,
wrist, or foot
◉ What type of bone are these? Humerus (upper arm), femur (thigh),
clavicle (collarbone), radius(forearm), ulna(forearm),
phalanges(fingers and toes), tibia (lower leg), fibula (lower leg).
Answer: Long Bones
◉ What type of bones are these? Carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle)
bones. Answer: Short Bones
