NURS 6501 Final Exam | NURS 6501 Advanced
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NURS
6501 Final Exam) | Walden
Section A: Multiple Choice (30 questions)
Q1. Which cellular adaptation involves a change from one differentiated cell type to
another?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia ✅
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change where one mature cell type is replaced by
another (e.g., Barrett’s esophagus).
Q2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia ✅
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia potentiates digoxin’s effects, increasing risk of arrhythmias.
Q3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by immune complexes?
A. Type I
,B. Type II
C. Type III ✅
D. Type IV
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves antigen-antibody complexes depositing in
tissues (e.g., lupus, serum sickness).
Q4. Which cardiac rhythm is most commonly associated with embolic stroke?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Atrial fibrillation ✅
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. First-degree AV block
Rationale: AF causes atrial stasis → thrombus formation → embolic stroke.
Q5. Which pulmonary function test finding is characteristic of restrictive lung disease?
A. Decreased FEV1/FVC
B. Decreased total lung capacity ✅
C. Increased residual volume
D. Normal diffusion capacity
Rationale: Restrictive disease reduces lung volumes; TLC is low.
Q6. Which renal disorder is associated with “oliguria, hematuria, and RBC casts”?
A. Nephrotic syndrome
, B. Acute glomerulonephritis ✅
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Acute tubular necrosis
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis presents with nephritic syndrome: oliguria,
hematuria, RBC casts.
Q7. Which endocrine disorder is characterized by hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and
polyuria due to insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes ✅
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes features insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Q8. Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine ✅
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
Rationale: Acetylcholine deficiency is prominent in Alzheimer’s, correlating with
cognitive decline.
Q9. Which musculoskeletal condition is associated with “butterfly rash” and
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NURS
6501 Final Exam) | Walden
Section A: Multiple Choice (30 questions)
Q1. Which cellular adaptation involves a change from one differentiated cell type to
another?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia ✅
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change where one mature cell type is replaced by
another (e.g., Barrett’s esophagus).
Q2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia ✅
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia potentiates digoxin’s effects, increasing risk of arrhythmias.
Q3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by immune complexes?
A. Type I
,B. Type II
C. Type III ✅
D. Type IV
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves antigen-antibody complexes depositing in
tissues (e.g., lupus, serum sickness).
Q4. Which cardiac rhythm is most commonly associated with embolic stroke?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Atrial fibrillation ✅
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. First-degree AV block
Rationale: AF causes atrial stasis → thrombus formation → embolic stroke.
Q5. Which pulmonary function test finding is characteristic of restrictive lung disease?
A. Decreased FEV1/FVC
B. Decreased total lung capacity ✅
C. Increased residual volume
D. Normal diffusion capacity
Rationale: Restrictive disease reduces lung volumes; TLC is low.
Q6. Which renal disorder is associated with “oliguria, hematuria, and RBC casts”?
A. Nephrotic syndrome
, B. Acute glomerulonephritis ✅
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Acute tubular necrosis
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis presents with nephritic syndrome: oliguria,
hematuria, RBC casts.
Q7. Which endocrine disorder is characterized by hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and
polyuria due to insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes ✅
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes features insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Q8. Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine ✅
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
Rationale: Acetylcholine deficiency is prominent in Alzheimer’s, correlating with
cognitive decline.
Q9. Which musculoskeletal condition is associated with “butterfly rash” and
