ROBBINS BASIC PATHOLOGY 10TH EDITION
ACTUAL EXAM UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What is dynamic about inflammation?
Answer: is a protective mechanism essential of ridding the body of
the cause of cell injury and preventing the consequences but is often
seen as a harmful reaction.
◉ what are the two types of inflammation?
Answer: Acute: the rapid response to infections and tissue damage
that develops within minutes or hours and maximally lasts for a few
days.
--> characterized by the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
(edema) and the emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils)
chronic: may follow acute inflammation or arise de novo.
--> characterized by more tissue destruction, lymphocytes and
macrophages, the proliferation of blood vessels and fibrosis.
◉ Which cells of inflammation reside in the tissues? (3)
Answer: mature macrophages
,dendritic cells
mast cells
(secrete cytokines and other mediators to induce inflammation.)
◉ What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of acute inflammation?
(5)
Answer: Calor (heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function)
--> are often self limited and cause no permanent damage
◉ three cases when inflammation is harmful.
Answer: 1- when it is misdirected (autoimmune disease)
2- when it occurs against harmful substances of the environment
(allergies)
3- when it is prolonged (in infections by microbes that resist
eradication)
◉ chronic diseases caused by inflammation:
Answer: 1- rheumatoid arthritis
, 2- atherosclerosis
3- lung fibrosis
5- hypersensitivity
(also metabolic disorders such as Alzheimer, type 2 diabetes and
cancer)
◉ what condition could underlie inadequate inflammation?
Answer: any condition compromising the bone marrow which would
result in a decreased leukocyte count (cancer or graft rejection)
◉ Causes of inflammation
Answer: 1- infection
2- tissue necrosis (releases molecules that trigger inflammation)
3- foreign bodies (themselves, cause traumatic tissue injury or carry
microbes)
4- increased endogenous substances (urate crystals and
atherosclerosis)
5- immune reactions (hypersensitivity --> the stimuli for the
inflammatory response in allergies or autoimmunity cannot be
eliminated --> chronic inflammation)
◉ Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
ACTUAL EXAM UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What is dynamic about inflammation?
Answer: is a protective mechanism essential of ridding the body of
the cause of cell injury and preventing the consequences but is often
seen as a harmful reaction.
◉ what are the two types of inflammation?
Answer: Acute: the rapid response to infections and tissue damage
that develops within minutes or hours and maximally lasts for a few
days.
--> characterized by the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
(edema) and the emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils)
chronic: may follow acute inflammation or arise de novo.
--> characterized by more tissue destruction, lymphocytes and
macrophages, the proliferation of blood vessels and fibrosis.
◉ Which cells of inflammation reside in the tissues? (3)
Answer: mature macrophages
,dendritic cells
mast cells
(secrete cytokines and other mediators to induce inflammation.)
◉ What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of acute inflammation?
(5)
Answer: Calor (heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function)
--> are often self limited and cause no permanent damage
◉ three cases when inflammation is harmful.
Answer: 1- when it is misdirected (autoimmune disease)
2- when it occurs against harmful substances of the environment
(allergies)
3- when it is prolonged (in infections by microbes that resist
eradication)
◉ chronic diseases caused by inflammation:
Answer: 1- rheumatoid arthritis
, 2- atherosclerosis
3- lung fibrosis
5- hypersensitivity
(also metabolic disorders such as Alzheimer, type 2 diabetes and
cancer)
◉ what condition could underlie inadequate inflammation?
Answer: any condition compromising the bone marrow which would
result in a decreased leukocyte count (cancer or graft rejection)
◉ Causes of inflammation
Answer: 1- infection
2- tissue necrosis (releases molecules that trigger inflammation)
3- foreign bodies (themselves, cause traumatic tissue injury or carry
microbes)
4- increased endogenous substances (urate crystals and
atherosclerosis)
5- immune reactions (hypersensitivity --> the stimuli for the
inflammatory response in allergies or autoimmunity cannot be
eliminated --> chronic inflammation)
◉ Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
