NUR 5461 MODULE 4 FINAL PAPER 2026
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS AND
PATIENT RESPONSE FULL ANSWERS AND
CLINICAL INSIGHT
◉ narrowing of lumbar canal can lead to
Answer: low back pain
sensor loss
weakness in legs
neurogenic claudication, weakness, and pain with walking, relieved
by stooping over
◉ periperal neuropathy is common in older adults...
Answer: DM is the most common
several medications are FDA approved for DM neuropathy
◉ subdermal hematomas
Answer: collection of blood between dura and arachnoid
usually due to trauma, though may be mild
bilateral in approximately 15% of cases
In an older patient, chronic subdural hematoma is most relevant
,◉ Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma
Answer: HA
slight to severe cognitive impairment
hemipareses
seizures in some patients, focal neurologic signs in some patients
Neuroimaging shows extra-axial blood collection
◉ treatment for chronic subdural hematoma
Answer: symptomatic and the patients condition is worsening,
removal of the clot may be attempted
If an incidental finding on neuroimaging or the patient's condition is
improving, clinical monitoring is appropriate, as the hematoma may
shrink and disappear without surgery
◉ multiple sclerosis prevalence
Answer: 2.5million worldwide
400,000 in USA
$41,000 per pat/year
2/3 more cases in women than men
2nd or 3rd decade (16-40 years old), before 10 and after 60 rare
, more common in whites, Scandinavian, or northern Europeans
◉ multiple sclerosis
Answer: most common cause of disability in young adults
recurrent, occasionally progressive, inflammatory demyelination of
the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord
multiple varied neuro symptoms and signs
autoimmune attack on myelin: brain and spinal cord
◉ MS cause
Answer: unknown cause
HLA antigens
genetic susceptibility
HPV 6
latent infection in CNS
vit d deficiency
◉ MS typically symptoms
Answer: unilateral vision loss
diplopia days to weeks
hemiparesis, slow insidious
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS AND
PATIENT RESPONSE FULL ANSWERS AND
CLINICAL INSIGHT
◉ narrowing of lumbar canal can lead to
Answer: low back pain
sensor loss
weakness in legs
neurogenic claudication, weakness, and pain with walking, relieved
by stooping over
◉ periperal neuropathy is common in older adults...
Answer: DM is the most common
several medications are FDA approved for DM neuropathy
◉ subdermal hematomas
Answer: collection of blood between dura and arachnoid
usually due to trauma, though may be mild
bilateral in approximately 15% of cases
In an older patient, chronic subdural hematoma is most relevant
,◉ Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma
Answer: HA
slight to severe cognitive impairment
hemipareses
seizures in some patients, focal neurologic signs in some patients
Neuroimaging shows extra-axial blood collection
◉ treatment for chronic subdural hematoma
Answer: symptomatic and the patients condition is worsening,
removal of the clot may be attempted
If an incidental finding on neuroimaging or the patient's condition is
improving, clinical monitoring is appropriate, as the hematoma may
shrink and disappear without surgery
◉ multiple sclerosis prevalence
Answer: 2.5million worldwide
400,000 in USA
$41,000 per pat/year
2/3 more cases in women than men
2nd or 3rd decade (16-40 years old), before 10 and after 60 rare
, more common in whites, Scandinavian, or northern Europeans
◉ multiple sclerosis
Answer: most common cause of disability in young adults
recurrent, occasionally progressive, inflammatory demyelination of
the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord
multiple varied neuro symptoms and signs
autoimmune attack on myelin: brain and spinal cord
◉ MS cause
Answer: unknown cause
HLA antigens
genetic susceptibility
HPV 6
latent infection in CNS
vit d deficiency
◉ MS typically symptoms
Answer: unilateral vision loss
diplopia days to weeks
hemiparesis, slow insidious
