Module 3 MICR 271 Questions and
Quality Answers.
Bacterial populations grow through which process - Answer Binary fisison
Binary fission begins with - Answer with replication of the baterial chromosome as an
individual cell grows
During the binary fission, further cell growth leads to - Answer an invagination of the cell wall
until the separate daughter cells are pinched off
Chromosome replication in daughter cells begins before they are separated for what reason? -
Answer This allows division of each daughter cell to occur soon after separating from the
mother (With nutrients)
Stages of binary fission in order - Answer 1) Cell wall, membrane and overall volume are
enlarged; chromosomes are duplicated.
2) Septum begins to form and chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell;
components are randomly divided.
3) Septum is completely formed and the cell membrane begins to patch itself.
4) Daughter cells are divided.
peptidoglycan - Answer A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of
bacteria rigid
What prevents a cell from lysing due to osmotic pressure during the bacterial binary fission -
Answer cytoplasmic contents are continuously enclosed by a cell wall
senescence - Answer the natural physical decline brought about by aging
After each fission event - Answer one pole of a cell is made of older material, which can
include damaged components
senescence becomes damaged due to - Answer Inherting old cell wall material at the "old"
pole
Inherting damaged DNA
Inherting damaged proteins
Activation of damage defense systems (M) rather than (G)
, The majority of damaged cellular components are inherited by - Answer cells with "old" poles
Which cell will outcompete the other in binary fission? - Answer The "Daughter" lineage can
divide more rapidly and will outcompete the slower growing Mother cells
Anabolism - Answer Building of components, such as proteins, DNA
Catabolism - Answer Breakdown of molecules to obtain
Facilitated Diffusion: - Answer Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of
lower concentration by way of a carrier molecule. No energy is required.
Primary Active Transport: - Answer Nutrients are moved from an area of flow concentration to
high concentration using energy from ATP.
Secondary Active Transport: - Answer The movement of one molecule down its concentration
gradients to facilitate the movement of another molecule across the cell membrane. No energy
required.
Group Translocation: - Answer Molecules are transferred across the membrane into the cell
into conjunction with chemical modification.
Iron Uptake: - Answer Several mechanisms exist, particularly the formation of complexes with
sliderophore or through the uptake of heme.
What are the physical requirements for growth: - Answer Temperature, PH, Water Availability,
Pressure as well as Oxygen levels
Why are oxygen levels so important for cell growth - Answer Oxygen levels are tied to types of
processes microbes use to produce energy. Therefore, microbes have evolved to grow within
very specific oxygen concentrations
Why is temperature, PH, Water Availability, Pressure:, so important for cell growth - Answer
These factors of all exert an influence on the enzymatic activity of microbial proteins, as well as
on the structure of proteins found within the cells
Denaturation can occur as a result of temp, pH, pressure, water availability changing away from
optimal levels
Quality Answers.
Bacterial populations grow through which process - Answer Binary fisison
Binary fission begins with - Answer with replication of the baterial chromosome as an
individual cell grows
During the binary fission, further cell growth leads to - Answer an invagination of the cell wall
until the separate daughter cells are pinched off
Chromosome replication in daughter cells begins before they are separated for what reason? -
Answer This allows division of each daughter cell to occur soon after separating from the
mother (With nutrients)
Stages of binary fission in order - Answer 1) Cell wall, membrane and overall volume are
enlarged; chromosomes are duplicated.
2) Septum begins to form and chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell;
components are randomly divided.
3) Septum is completely formed and the cell membrane begins to patch itself.
4) Daughter cells are divided.
peptidoglycan - Answer A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of
bacteria rigid
What prevents a cell from lysing due to osmotic pressure during the bacterial binary fission -
Answer cytoplasmic contents are continuously enclosed by a cell wall
senescence - Answer the natural physical decline brought about by aging
After each fission event - Answer one pole of a cell is made of older material, which can
include damaged components
senescence becomes damaged due to - Answer Inherting old cell wall material at the "old"
pole
Inherting damaged DNA
Inherting damaged proteins
Activation of damage defense systems (M) rather than (G)
, The majority of damaged cellular components are inherited by - Answer cells with "old" poles
Which cell will outcompete the other in binary fission? - Answer The "Daughter" lineage can
divide more rapidly and will outcompete the slower growing Mother cells
Anabolism - Answer Building of components, such as proteins, DNA
Catabolism - Answer Breakdown of molecules to obtain
Facilitated Diffusion: - Answer Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of
lower concentration by way of a carrier molecule. No energy is required.
Primary Active Transport: - Answer Nutrients are moved from an area of flow concentration to
high concentration using energy from ATP.
Secondary Active Transport: - Answer The movement of one molecule down its concentration
gradients to facilitate the movement of another molecule across the cell membrane. No energy
required.
Group Translocation: - Answer Molecules are transferred across the membrane into the cell
into conjunction with chemical modification.
Iron Uptake: - Answer Several mechanisms exist, particularly the formation of complexes with
sliderophore or through the uptake of heme.
What are the physical requirements for growth: - Answer Temperature, PH, Water Availability,
Pressure as well as Oxygen levels
Why are oxygen levels so important for cell growth - Answer Oxygen levels are tied to types of
processes microbes use to produce energy. Therefore, microbes have evolved to grow within
very specific oxygen concentrations
Why is temperature, PH, Water Availability, Pressure:, so important for cell growth - Answer
These factors of all exert an influence on the enzymatic activity of microbial proteins, as well as
on the structure of proteins found within the cells
Denaturation can occur as a result of temp, pH, pressure, water availability changing away from
optimal levels
