WGU D311 MICROBIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria". Answer:
Single celled, do not have nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast,
multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in pairs, clusters
or chains
◉ What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant
cells". Answer: Have a nucleus, have membrane bound organelles,
single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone
wrapped chromosomes
◉ Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Answer: All
plants and animal cells (protozoans , algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the
cytoplasm ( mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the cytoskeleton. Flagella
(whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in
nucleotide, ribosomes, and cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli,
fimbriae and capsules
,◉ Bacteria. Answer: Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell
walls have peptidoglycan and described by shape (coccus, bacillus,
spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
◉ Protists. Answer: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as
an animal, plant, or fungus.
◉ Fungi. Answer: Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing
nutrients. Not photosynthetic and has cell wall made of chitin
◉ Helminths. Answer: multicellular parasitic organisms commonly
called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
◉ Viruses. Answer: Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic
material (dna/rna) never both
◉ Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic". Answer: Nucleoid, ribosomes,
endospores, plasma membrane, cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella,
fimbriae, pilli
◉ Nucleoid of Bacteria. Answer: central area in a prokaryotic cell that
contains genetic information, not surrounded by a membrane
◉ Ribosomes of Bacteria. Answer: site of protein synthesis. 70S
composed of two subunits (30S small and 50S large and are
composed of protein and rRNA components
, ◉ Endospores of bacteria. Answer: form around DNA when stressed,
protect until conditions are good
◉ Plasma membrane in bacteria. Answer: phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins that defines the boundary of the cell
◉ Cell wall of bacteria. Answer: made of peptidoglycan and help
maintain shape and withstand changes in osmotic pressure
◉ Peptidoglycan of bacteria. Answer: is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
◉ Flagella of bacteria. Answer: acts as a propeller to move the cell.
Stiff, rotating structure.
◉ Fimbriae of bacteria. Answer: hairlike bristles that allow adhesion
to surfaces
◉ Pili of bacteria. Answer: Appendages that allow bacteria to attach
to each other and to transfer DNA
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: Directional movt from a call in response to
chemical attraction
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria". Answer:
Single celled, do not have nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast,
multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in pairs, clusters
or chains
◉ What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant
cells". Answer: Have a nucleus, have membrane bound organelles,
single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone
wrapped chromosomes
◉ Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Answer: All
plants and animal cells (protozoans , algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the
cytoplasm ( mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the cytoskeleton. Flagella
(whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in
nucleotide, ribosomes, and cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli,
fimbriae and capsules
,◉ Bacteria. Answer: Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell
walls have peptidoglycan and described by shape (coccus, bacillus,
spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
◉ Protists. Answer: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as
an animal, plant, or fungus.
◉ Fungi. Answer: Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing
nutrients. Not photosynthetic and has cell wall made of chitin
◉ Helminths. Answer: multicellular parasitic organisms commonly
called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
◉ Viruses. Answer: Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic
material (dna/rna) never both
◉ Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic". Answer: Nucleoid, ribosomes,
endospores, plasma membrane, cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella,
fimbriae, pilli
◉ Nucleoid of Bacteria. Answer: central area in a prokaryotic cell that
contains genetic information, not surrounded by a membrane
◉ Ribosomes of Bacteria. Answer: site of protein synthesis. 70S
composed of two subunits (30S small and 50S large and are
composed of protein and rRNA components
, ◉ Endospores of bacteria. Answer: form around DNA when stressed,
protect until conditions are good
◉ Plasma membrane in bacteria. Answer: phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins that defines the boundary of the cell
◉ Cell wall of bacteria. Answer: made of peptidoglycan and help
maintain shape and withstand changes in osmotic pressure
◉ Peptidoglycan of bacteria. Answer: is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
◉ Flagella of bacteria. Answer: acts as a propeller to move the cell.
Stiff, rotating structure.
◉ Fimbriae of bacteria. Answer: hairlike bristles that allow adhesion
to surfaces
◉ Pili of bacteria. Answer: Appendages that allow bacteria to attach
to each other and to transfer DNA
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: Directional movt from a call in response to
chemical attraction
