NUR 342 Final exam | Practice Q&A | 2026/2027 | Health Integrity
and Alterations | ASU | Graded A+
1. A major controversy involving qualitative research is that a relatively small
amount of terminology is used. This statement is:
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: Qualitative research is actually characterized by a rich and diverse
terminology to describe its methods and findings. The controversy lies in
whether terms like validity and rigor, traditionally used in quantitative
research, are appropriate for qualitative research.
2. Within the Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close
Collaboration (ARCC) model for implementation and sustainability of
evidence-based practice (EBP), which components are included? (Select all
that apply)
A) Cognitive behavioral theory
B) Organizational readiness
C) Identification of facilitators and barriers
D) Elimination of all barriers
E) Use of mentors
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The ARCC model includes cognitive behavioral theory,
organizational readiness, identification of facilitators and barriers, use of
mentors, and changing the culture of EBP. Complete elimination of all
barriers is not realistic, as some barriers will always exist.
,3. What is a key advantage of mixed methods (MM) research?
A) It is less time-consuming than other methods
B) It enhances validity through complementarity and practicality
C) It requires fewer participants than quantitative studies
D) It eliminates the need for statistical analysis
Correct Answer: It enhances validity through complementarity and
practicality
Rationale: Advantages of mixed methods research include complementarity
(one method informs the other), practicality (addressing research questions
from multiple angles), and enhanced validity. It does not eliminate the need
for statistical analysis or necessarily require fewer participants.
4. Which of the following is a barrier to implementing evidence-based
practice (EBP) in clinical settings?
A) Adequate number of EBP mentors
B) Organizational policies that support EBP
C) Limited resources and tools
D) A culture that encourages questioning of practices
Correct Answer: Limited resources and tools
Rationale: Barriers to EBP implementation include inadequate knowledge and
skills in EBP, lack of a supportive culture and environment, outdated
organizational policies, limited resources and tools, and resistance from
colleagues and leaders.
,5. The Belmont Report was developed in response to which historical event?
A) The Flexner Report
B) The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
C) The Nuremberg Trials
D) The Willowbrook Study
Correct Answer: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Rationale: The Belmont Report was developed in response to the Tuskegee
Syphilis Study, a notorious unethical research study in which African
American men with syphilis were denied treatment for decades. The report
established the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and
justice.
6. The ANA Code of Ethics serves as which type of document for nurses?
A) A legal document that supersedes state law
B) A definitive standard guiding ethical practice, patient advocacy,
professional integrity, and social justice
C) A document that only applies to nurse researchers
D) A set of hospital policies for nursing conduct
Correct Answer: A definitive standard guiding ethical practice, patient
advocacy, professional integrity, and social justice
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics is a definitive standard that guides nurses
in ethical practice, patient advocacy, professional integrity, and social
justice. It applies to all nurses, not just researchers, and does not supersede
state law.
, 7. Which of the following are elements of informed consent? (Select all that
apply)
A) Disclosure of information
B) Comprehension by the participant
C) Documentation of consent
D) Assurance of payment
E) Guarantee of a positive outcome
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Elements of informed consent include disclosure of information
(risks, benefits, alternatives), comprehension by the participant, and
documentation of consent. Assurance of payment and guarantee of a
positive outcome are not required for valid informed consent.
8. Assessing a patient's capacity to consent involves evaluating which
components?
A) Orientation, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning
B) Memory, Intelligence, Education, and Income
C) Age, Gender, Employment, and Marital Status
D) Physical health, Mental health, Social support, and Financial status
Correct Answer: Orientation, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning
Rationale: Assessing capacity to consent involves evaluating orientation
(awareness of person, place, time), understanding (comprehension of
information), appreciation (ability to apply information to one's own
situation), and reasoning (ability to weigh options and make a decision).
and Alterations | ASU | Graded A+
1. A major controversy involving qualitative research is that a relatively small
amount of terminology is used. This statement is:
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: Qualitative research is actually characterized by a rich and diverse
terminology to describe its methods and findings. The controversy lies in
whether terms like validity and rigor, traditionally used in quantitative
research, are appropriate for qualitative research.
2. Within the Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close
Collaboration (ARCC) model for implementation and sustainability of
evidence-based practice (EBP), which components are included? (Select all
that apply)
A) Cognitive behavioral theory
B) Organizational readiness
C) Identification of facilitators and barriers
D) Elimination of all barriers
E) Use of mentors
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The ARCC model includes cognitive behavioral theory,
organizational readiness, identification of facilitators and barriers, use of
mentors, and changing the culture of EBP. Complete elimination of all
barriers is not realistic, as some barriers will always exist.
,3. What is a key advantage of mixed methods (MM) research?
A) It is less time-consuming than other methods
B) It enhances validity through complementarity and practicality
C) It requires fewer participants than quantitative studies
D) It eliminates the need for statistical analysis
Correct Answer: It enhances validity through complementarity and
practicality
Rationale: Advantages of mixed methods research include complementarity
(one method informs the other), practicality (addressing research questions
from multiple angles), and enhanced validity. It does not eliminate the need
for statistical analysis or necessarily require fewer participants.
4. Which of the following is a barrier to implementing evidence-based
practice (EBP) in clinical settings?
A) Adequate number of EBP mentors
B) Organizational policies that support EBP
C) Limited resources and tools
D) A culture that encourages questioning of practices
Correct Answer: Limited resources and tools
Rationale: Barriers to EBP implementation include inadequate knowledge and
skills in EBP, lack of a supportive culture and environment, outdated
organizational policies, limited resources and tools, and resistance from
colleagues and leaders.
,5. The Belmont Report was developed in response to which historical event?
A) The Flexner Report
B) The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
C) The Nuremberg Trials
D) The Willowbrook Study
Correct Answer: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Rationale: The Belmont Report was developed in response to the Tuskegee
Syphilis Study, a notorious unethical research study in which African
American men with syphilis were denied treatment for decades. The report
established the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and
justice.
6. The ANA Code of Ethics serves as which type of document for nurses?
A) A legal document that supersedes state law
B) A definitive standard guiding ethical practice, patient advocacy,
professional integrity, and social justice
C) A document that only applies to nurse researchers
D) A set of hospital policies for nursing conduct
Correct Answer: A definitive standard guiding ethical practice, patient
advocacy, professional integrity, and social justice
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics is a definitive standard that guides nurses
in ethical practice, patient advocacy, professional integrity, and social
justice. It applies to all nurses, not just researchers, and does not supersede
state law.
, 7. Which of the following are elements of informed consent? (Select all that
apply)
A) Disclosure of information
B) Comprehension by the participant
C) Documentation of consent
D) Assurance of payment
E) Guarantee of a positive outcome
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Elements of informed consent include disclosure of information
(risks, benefits, alternatives), comprehension by the participant, and
documentation of consent. Assurance of payment and guarantee of a
positive outcome are not required for valid informed consent.
8. Assessing a patient's capacity to consent involves evaluating which
components?
A) Orientation, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning
B) Memory, Intelligence, Education, and Income
C) Age, Gender, Employment, and Marital Status
D) Physical health, Mental health, Social support, and Financial status
Correct Answer: Orientation, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning
Rationale: Assessing capacity to consent involves evaluating orientation
(awareness of person, place, time), understanding (comprehension of
information), appreciation (ability to apply information to one's own
situation), and reasoning (ability to weigh options and make a decision).
