NUR 342 Midterm exam | Practice Q&A | 2026/2027 | Health Integrity
and Alterations | ASU | Graded A+
1. Which statement best defines nursing research?
A) The systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of
importance to the nursing profession
B) The process of reading journal articles to stay current with clinical
practices
C) The application of medical research findings to nursing practice
D) The collection of patient data for quality improvement purposes
Correct Answer: The systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge
about issues of importance to the nursing profession
Rationale: Nursing research is a systematic, rigorous inquiry designed to
develop evidence about issues of importance to the nursing profession. It
aims to discover new knowledge, answer questions, and solve clinical
problems.
2. A clinical nursing research study is designed to guide nursing practice.
Which activity represents a purpose of nursing research?
A) Intervention and therapy evaluation
B) Diagnosis and assessment
C) Prognosis and etiology
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale: Purposes of nursing research include intervention/therapy,
diagnosis/assessment, prognosis, etiology (causation), description, and
meaning. Research can address any of these aspects of nursing practice.
,3. Which statement correctly describes an evidence hierarchy?
A) The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to their strength of
evidence
B) A step-by-step process to evaluate the evidence of research studies
C) The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to their significant
findings
D) A method by which to extract evidence from research studies
Correct Answer: The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to
their strength of evidence
Rationale: An evidence hierarchy ranks or orders evidence sources according
to their strength of evidence. This hierarchy helps clinicians identify the most
reliable evidence to guide practice.
4. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in an evidence
hierarchy?
A) Expert opinion
B) Case-control studies
C) Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
D) Qualitative studies
Correct Answer: Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials (RCTs)
Rationale: Level I evidence consists of systematic reviews or meta-analyses
of RCTs. These represent the highest level of evidence because they
synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies.
,5. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered which level in the
evidence hierarchy?
A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Correct Answer: Level II
Rationale: Level II in the evidence hierarchy consists of randomized
controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs are considered strong evidence because they
minimize bias through randomization.
6. Which of the following are the three components of evidence-based
practice (EBP)? (Select all that apply)
A) Clinical expertise
B) Best evidence
C) Technology
D) Patient preferences and values
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: The three components of evidence-based practice are clinical
expertise, best evidence, and patient preferences and values. Technology is
not a component of EBP.
7. A healthcare organization limits research activities to medical staff and
does not encourage nursing staff participation. This is an example of:
A) A facilitator of evidence-based practice
, B) A barrier to implementing evidence-based practice
C) An evidence hierarchy
D) A research design
Correct Answer: A barrier to implementing evidence-based practice
Rationale: Leadership that limits research activities to medical staff and does
not support nursing participation is a barrier to implementing EBP. Supportive
leadership and resources are facilitators of EBP.
8. Which of the following would be a facilitator of evidence-based practice in
a clinical workplace?
A) Nursing staff receive paid time for professional development activities
B) Leadership does not encourage nursing participation in research
C) Staff have limited access to research databases
D) There is no organizational support for EBP initiatives
Correct Answer: Nursing staff receive paid time for professional development
activities
Rationale: Paid time for professional development, including participation in
quality improvement and research projects, is a facilitator of EBP. Lack of
support and limited access are barriers.
9. In the PICOT question "In patients with arthritis, how does daily meditation
compared to no meditation affect their level of pain over six months?", what
is the "O" (Outcome)?
A) Patients with arthritis
B) Daily meditation
and Alterations | ASU | Graded A+
1. Which statement best defines nursing research?
A) The systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of
importance to the nursing profession
B) The process of reading journal articles to stay current with clinical
practices
C) The application of medical research findings to nursing practice
D) The collection of patient data for quality improvement purposes
Correct Answer: The systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge
about issues of importance to the nursing profession
Rationale: Nursing research is a systematic, rigorous inquiry designed to
develop evidence about issues of importance to the nursing profession. It
aims to discover new knowledge, answer questions, and solve clinical
problems.
2. A clinical nursing research study is designed to guide nursing practice.
Which activity represents a purpose of nursing research?
A) Intervention and therapy evaluation
B) Diagnosis and assessment
C) Prognosis and etiology
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale: Purposes of nursing research include intervention/therapy,
diagnosis/assessment, prognosis, etiology (causation), description, and
meaning. Research can address any of these aspects of nursing practice.
,3. Which statement correctly describes an evidence hierarchy?
A) The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to their strength of
evidence
B) A step-by-step process to evaluate the evidence of research studies
C) The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to their significant
findings
D) A method by which to extract evidence from research studies
Correct Answer: The ordering or ranking of evidence sources according to
their strength of evidence
Rationale: An evidence hierarchy ranks or orders evidence sources according
to their strength of evidence. This hierarchy helps clinicians identify the most
reliable evidence to guide practice.
4. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in an evidence
hierarchy?
A) Expert opinion
B) Case-control studies
C) Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
D) Qualitative studies
Correct Answer: Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials (RCTs)
Rationale: Level I evidence consists of systematic reviews or meta-analyses
of RCTs. These represent the highest level of evidence because they
synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies.
,5. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered which level in the
evidence hierarchy?
A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Correct Answer: Level II
Rationale: Level II in the evidence hierarchy consists of randomized
controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs are considered strong evidence because they
minimize bias through randomization.
6. Which of the following are the three components of evidence-based
practice (EBP)? (Select all that apply)
A) Clinical expertise
B) Best evidence
C) Technology
D) Patient preferences and values
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: The three components of evidence-based practice are clinical
expertise, best evidence, and patient preferences and values. Technology is
not a component of EBP.
7. A healthcare organization limits research activities to medical staff and
does not encourage nursing staff participation. This is an example of:
A) A facilitator of evidence-based practice
, B) A barrier to implementing evidence-based practice
C) An evidence hierarchy
D) A research design
Correct Answer: A barrier to implementing evidence-based practice
Rationale: Leadership that limits research activities to medical staff and does
not support nursing participation is a barrier to implementing EBP. Supportive
leadership and resources are facilitators of EBP.
8. Which of the following would be a facilitator of evidence-based practice in
a clinical workplace?
A) Nursing staff receive paid time for professional development activities
B) Leadership does not encourage nursing participation in research
C) Staff have limited access to research databases
D) There is no organizational support for EBP initiatives
Correct Answer: Nursing staff receive paid time for professional development
activities
Rationale: Paid time for professional development, including participation in
quality improvement and research projects, is a facilitator of EBP. Lack of
support and limited access are barriers.
9. In the PICOT question "In patients with arthritis, how does daily meditation
compared to no meditation affect their level of pain over six months?", what
is the "O" (Outcome)?
A) Patients with arthritis
B) Daily meditation
