NURS-UL 3366 EXAM 1 2026/2027 – PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔maintenance of constant conditions in the body's internal
environment
compensation - correct answer ✔✔the return to homeostasis after being challenged by a stressor
Glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔✔breakdown of glycogen to glucose
decompensation - correct answer ✔✔the failure to compensate, adapt, doesn't return to homeostasis
disease - correct answer ✔✔harmful condition of the body or mind
disorder - correct answer ✔✔disturbance in the healthiness of the body
syndrome - correct answer ✔✔a collection of symptoms
risk factors - correct answer ✔✔decors that contribute to or increase the probability that a disease will
occur
examples of risk factors - correct answer ✔✔smoking, age, ethnicity, diet, environment
precipitating factors - correct answer ✔✔a condition or event that triggers a pathologic event or
disorder
examples of precipitating factors - correct answer ✔✔asthma attacks can be precipitated by exertion
etiology - correct answer ✔✔the cause of a disease, includes all factors that contribute tot he
development of the disease
idiopathic - correct answer ✔✔disease with unidentifiable cause
iatrogenic - correct answer ✔✔occurs as a result of medical treatment
nosocomial infection - correct answer ✔✔hospital acquired infection
clinical manifestations - correct answer ✔✔the demonstration of the presence of a sign or symptom
sign - correct answer ✔✔manifestations that can only be objectively ideated by a trained
symptoms - correct answer ✔✔subjective manifestations that can be only reported by the person
experiencing them
local S&S - correct answer ✔✔redness, swelling, heat, rash and lymphadenopathy in a particular area
, system S&S - correct answer ✔✔fever, urticaria, malaise, systemic lymphadenopathy
acute S&S - correct answer ✔✔fairly rapid appearance of disease of several days, usually only last a
short time
chronic S&S - correct answer ✔✔develop slowly and often insidious and last longer
remissions - correct answer ✔✔periods when S&S disappear of diminish signitcantly
exacerbations - correct answer ✔✔periods when S&S become worse or more severe
central - correct answer ✔✔a problem that is occurring towards the center or core of the body
proximal - correct answer ✔✔closer to the central area of the body
shock - correct answer ✔✔low blood pressure and signs and symptoms of not getting enough blood to
different parts of the body
prognosis - correct answer ✔✔the predicted outcome of a disease based certain factors like the usual
course of that disease, age, and comorbidities
sequela - correct answer ✔✔abnormal condition that follows and is the result of disease, injury, or
treatment, a complication
genetic disorders - correct answer ✔✔a disease caused by abnormalities in an individuals genetic
material
teratogen - correct answer ✔✔anything that can cause a congenital defect
example of a teratogenic disorder - correct answer ✔✔fetal alcohol syndrome occurs because of the
toxicity of alcohol causing gene mutations
thalidomide babies born without arms or legs because of the drug thalidomide taken for nausea during
early pregnancy
chromosomal disorders - correct answer ✔✔a genetic disorder that results from alterations to the
numbers or structures of chromosomes which disrupts gene function
aneuploidy - correct answer ✔✔alterations to the number of chromosomes
polysomy - correct answer ✔✔more than the usual number of chromosomes
down's syndrome - correct answer ✔✔trisomy 21
example of alterations to the structure of chromosomes - correct answer ✔✔Philadelphia chromosome,
a translocation that results in a shortened chromosome
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔maintenance of constant conditions in the body's internal
environment
compensation - correct answer ✔✔the return to homeostasis after being challenged by a stressor
Glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔✔breakdown of glycogen to glucose
decompensation - correct answer ✔✔the failure to compensate, adapt, doesn't return to homeostasis
disease - correct answer ✔✔harmful condition of the body or mind
disorder - correct answer ✔✔disturbance in the healthiness of the body
syndrome - correct answer ✔✔a collection of symptoms
risk factors - correct answer ✔✔decors that contribute to or increase the probability that a disease will
occur
examples of risk factors - correct answer ✔✔smoking, age, ethnicity, diet, environment
precipitating factors - correct answer ✔✔a condition or event that triggers a pathologic event or
disorder
examples of precipitating factors - correct answer ✔✔asthma attacks can be precipitated by exertion
etiology - correct answer ✔✔the cause of a disease, includes all factors that contribute tot he
development of the disease
idiopathic - correct answer ✔✔disease with unidentifiable cause
iatrogenic - correct answer ✔✔occurs as a result of medical treatment
nosocomial infection - correct answer ✔✔hospital acquired infection
clinical manifestations - correct answer ✔✔the demonstration of the presence of a sign or symptom
sign - correct answer ✔✔manifestations that can only be objectively ideated by a trained
symptoms - correct answer ✔✔subjective manifestations that can be only reported by the person
experiencing them
local S&S - correct answer ✔✔redness, swelling, heat, rash and lymphadenopathy in a particular area
, system S&S - correct answer ✔✔fever, urticaria, malaise, systemic lymphadenopathy
acute S&S - correct answer ✔✔fairly rapid appearance of disease of several days, usually only last a
short time
chronic S&S - correct answer ✔✔develop slowly and often insidious and last longer
remissions - correct answer ✔✔periods when S&S disappear of diminish signitcantly
exacerbations - correct answer ✔✔periods when S&S become worse or more severe
central - correct answer ✔✔a problem that is occurring towards the center or core of the body
proximal - correct answer ✔✔closer to the central area of the body
shock - correct answer ✔✔low blood pressure and signs and symptoms of not getting enough blood to
different parts of the body
prognosis - correct answer ✔✔the predicted outcome of a disease based certain factors like the usual
course of that disease, age, and comorbidities
sequela - correct answer ✔✔abnormal condition that follows and is the result of disease, injury, or
treatment, a complication
genetic disorders - correct answer ✔✔a disease caused by abnormalities in an individuals genetic
material
teratogen - correct answer ✔✔anything that can cause a congenital defect
example of a teratogenic disorder - correct answer ✔✔fetal alcohol syndrome occurs because of the
toxicity of alcohol causing gene mutations
thalidomide babies born without arms or legs because of the drug thalidomide taken for nausea during
early pregnancy
chromosomal disorders - correct answer ✔✔a genetic disorder that results from alterations to the
numbers or structures of chromosomes which disrupts gene function
aneuploidy - correct answer ✔✔alterations to the number of chromosomes
polysomy - correct answer ✔✔more than the usual number of chromosomes
down's syndrome - correct answer ✔✔trisomy 21
example of alterations to the structure of chromosomes - correct answer ✔✔Philadelphia chromosome,
a translocation that results in a shortened chromosome
