NSG 223 MED SURG 2 exam 1 | Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2026| Herzing University
1. Describe how a myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction can cause damage to the heart muscle,
leading to arrhythmias that may result in cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction has no relation to cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction is always fatal and does not lead to cardiac
arrest.
Cardiac arrest is a direct cause of myocardial infarction.
2. Catheter ablation is performed to:
Treat sinus bradycardia or sinus tachycardia
Treat various arrhythmias of the heart
Treat build up of plaque in the coronary arteries
Treat myocardial infarction
3. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are contraindicated for:
known drug allergy
pregnancy
liver disease
all of the above
4. If a patient with aortic stenosis experiences increased shortness of breath
during physical activity, what nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Increasing the patient's activity level
, Administering a diuretic
Scheduling an echocardiogram
Assessing the patient's respiratory status
5. Describe how aortic regurgitation affects the heart's function and what
symptoms may arise as a result.
Aortic regurgitation has no significant impact on heart function or
symptoms.
Aortic regurgitation leads to volume overload in the left ventricle,
causing symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue.
Aortic regurgitation causes the heart to pump faster, leading to
increased blood pressure.
Aortic regurgitation results in a decrease in heart rate, causing
dizziness.
6. What is the primary purpose of a 12 lead ECG system?
To determine the heart's pumping efficiency.
To assess the electrical activity of the heart from multiple angles.
To evaluate heart valve function.
To measure blood pressure in the arteries.
7. The key components of the conduction system of the heart include (in the
order of transmission of signals):
Sinoatrial node - Atrioventricular node - Bundle of His - Right and
left bundle branches - Purkinje network.
Atrioventricular node - Sinoatrial node - Purkinje network.
, Purkinje network - Bundle of His - Right and left bundle branches -
Atrioventricular node - Sinoatrial node.
Bundle of His - Right and left bundle branches - Sinoatrial node -
Atrioventricular node - Purkinje network.
8. Acute myocardial infarction within 2 days is
an absolute indication for teminating a symptom-limited maximal
exercise test
a relative contraindication
an absolute contraindication
a relative indication for terminating a symptom-limited maximal
exercise test
9. What is a common hallmark sign of atrial fibrillation?
Steady pulse rate
Elevated blood pressure
Chest pain
Irregularly irregular heartbeat
10. Describe how regurgitation affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping
action.
Regurgitation enhances the heart's pumping action by increasing
blood flow.
Regurgitation reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping action
by allowing blood to flow backward, which can lead to decreased
cardiac output.
, Regurgitation only affects the valves but not the heart's overall
function.
Regurgitation has no effect on the heart's pumping action.
11. Describe the significance of ST segment elevation or depression in an ECG
reading.
ST segment changes are irrelevant to heart conditions.
ST segment elevation or depression can indicate myocardial
ischemia or infarction.
ST segment changes only reflect heart rate variations.
ST segment elevation indicates normal heart function.
12. Describe the significance of the PR interval in assessing cardiac function.
The PR interval measures the heart rate during exercise.
The PR interval reflects the overall heart size.
The PR interval indicates the conduction time through the
atrioventricular node, which can reveal potential heart block.
The PR interval assesses the strength of the heart's contractions.
13. If a patient has their limb leads placed incorrectly during a 12 lead ECG, what
potential issue could arise?
Increased heart rate
Delayed stress test results
Improper medication dosage
Inaccurate representation of the heart's electrical activity
Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2026| Herzing University
1. Describe how a myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction can cause damage to the heart muscle,
leading to arrhythmias that may result in cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction has no relation to cardiac arrest.
A myocardial infarction is always fatal and does not lead to cardiac
arrest.
Cardiac arrest is a direct cause of myocardial infarction.
2. Catheter ablation is performed to:
Treat sinus bradycardia or sinus tachycardia
Treat various arrhythmias of the heart
Treat build up of plaque in the coronary arteries
Treat myocardial infarction
3. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are contraindicated for:
known drug allergy
pregnancy
liver disease
all of the above
4. If a patient with aortic stenosis experiences increased shortness of breath
during physical activity, what nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Increasing the patient's activity level
, Administering a diuretic
Scheduling an echocardiogram
Assessing the patient's respiratory status
5. Describe how aortic regurgitation affects the heart's function and what
symptoms may arise as a result.
Aortic regurgitation has no significant impact on heart function or
symptoms.
Aortic regurgitation leads to volume overload in the left ventricle,
causing symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue.
Aortic regurgitation causes the heart to pump faster, leading to
increased blood pressure.
Aortic regurgitation results in a decrease in heart rate, causing
dizziness.
6. What is the primary purpose of a 12 lead ECG system?
To determine the heart's pumping efficiency.
To assess the electrical activity of the heart from multiple angles.
To evaluate heart valve function.
To measure blood pressure in the arteries.
7. The key components of the conduction system of the heart include (in the
order of transmission of signals):
Sinoatrial node - Atrioventricular node - Bundle of His - Right and
left bundle branches - Purkinje network.
Atrioventricular node - Sinoatrial node - Purkinje network.
, Purkinje network - Bundle of His - Right and left bundle branches -
Atrioventricular node - Sinoatrial node.
Bundle of His - Right and left bundle branches - Sinoatrial node -
Atrioventricular node - Purkinje network.
8. Acute myocardial infarction within 2 days is
an absolute indication for teminating a symptom-limited maximal
exercise test
a relative contraindication
an absolute contraindication
a relative indication for terminating a symptom-limited maximal
exercise test
9. What is a common hallmark sign of atrial fibrillation?
Steady pulse rate
Elevated blood pressure
Chest pain
Irregularly irregular heartbeat
10. Describe how regurgitation affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping
action.
Regurgitation enhances the heart's pumping action by increasing
blood flow.
Regurgitation reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping action
by allowing blood to flow backward, which can lead to decreased
cardiac output.
, Regurgitation only affects the valves but not the heart's overall
function.
Regurgitation has no effect on the heart's pumping action.
11. Describe the significance of ST segment elevation or depression in an ECG
reading.
ST segment changes are irrelevant to heart conditions.
ST segment elevation or depression can indicate myocardial
ischemia or infarction.
ST segment changes only reflect heart rate variations.
ST segment elevation indicates normal heart function.
12. Describe the significance of the PR interval in assessing cardiac function.
The PR interval measures the heart rate during exercise.
The PR interval reflects the overall heart size.
The PR interval indicates the conduction time through the
atrioventricular node, which can reveal potential heart block.
The PR interval assesses the strength of the heart's contractions.
13. If a patient has their limb leads placed incorrectly during a 12 lead ECG, what
potential issue could arise?
Increased heart rate
Delayed stress test results
Improper medication dosage
Inaccurate representation of the heart's electrical activity
