Hondros BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology Exam 3 Practice Test
350 Questions & Correct Answers | 2026-2027
Edition
This comprehensive practice test contains 350 verified questions and answers for
the Hondros BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3. The
questions cover all essential domains including cardiovascular system, blood flow,
heart anatomy, ECG, acid-base balance, fetal circulation, and blood pressure
regulation .
Content Area Overview
Domain Questions Key Topics
Heart Anatomy & Layers 1-60 Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium,
chambers, valves
Blood Flow & Circulation 61-130 Pulmonary vs. systemic, fetal circulation,
coronary arteries
Cardiac Conduction & ECG 131-170 SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers,
PQRST waves
Blood Pressure & Regulation 171-210 Vasoconstriction, vasodilation,
baroreceptors, cardiac output
Acid-Base Balance 211-240 pH regulation, buffers, lungs, kidneys, acidosis,
alkalosis
Blood Vessels & Special Circulations 241-290 Arteries, veins, capillaries,
hepatic portal, cerebral circulation
Respiratory & Related Physiology 291-320 Gas exchange, CO2 transport,
bicarbonate
Reproductive & Miscellaneous 321-350 Gonads, scrotum, fetal circulation
structures
,SECTION 1: HEART ANATOMY & LAYERS (Questions 1-60)
Question 1: The apex of the heart is located at the:
A) 2nd intercostal space
B) 4th intercostal space
C) 5th intercostal space
D) 6th intercostal space
Correct Answer: C) 5th intercostal space
Rationale: The apex of the heart points downward and to the left, located at the
5th intercostal space. The base of the heart is located at the 2nd rib .
Question 2: Which layer of the heart is the thickest and is made of cardiac
muscle?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: B) Myocardium
,Rationale: The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart
responsible for pumping blood. The endocardium is the inner lining, the
epicardium is the outer layer, and the pericardium is the sac surrounding the
heart .
Question 3: What is the "inside layer" of the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: C) Endocardium
Rationale: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart that lines the
chambers and covers the valves. It is composed of simple squamous epithelium .
Question 4: Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: B) Myocardium
, Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart wall that contains
actin, myosin, and troponin, enabling contraction and pumping action .
Question 5: What fluid can be found between the visceral and parietal
pericardium?
A) Blood
B) Serous fluid
C) Cerebrospinal fluid
D) Synovial fluid
Correct Answer: B) Serous fluid
Rationale: The pericardial cavity contains serous fluid, which reduces friction
between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium as the heart beats .
Question 6: What surrounds the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Pericardium
C) Endocardium
D) Epicardium
Correct Answer: B) Pericardium
Physiology Exam 3 Practice Test
350 Questions & Correct Answers | 2026-2027
Edition
This comprehensive practice test contains 350 verified questions and answers for
the Hondros BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3. The
questions cover all essential domains including cardiovascular system, blood flow,
heart anatomy, ECG, acid-base balance, fetal circulation, and blood pressure
regulation .
Content Area Overview
Domain Questions Key Topics
Heart Anatomy & Layers 1-60 Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium,
chambers, valves
Blood Flow & Circulation 61-130 Pulmonary vs. systemic, fetal circulation,
coronary arteries
Cardiac Conduction & ECG 131-170 SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers,
PQRST waves
Blood Pressure & Regulation 171-210 Vasoconstriction, vasodilation,
baroreceptors, cardiac output
Acid-Base Balance 211-240 pH regulation, buffers, lungs, kidneys, acidosis,
alkalosis
Blood Vessels & Special Circulations 241-290 Arteries, veins, capillaries,
hepatic portal, cerebral circulation
Respiratory & Related Physiology 291-320 Gas exchange, CO2 transport,
bicarbonate
Reproductive & Miscellaneous 321-350 Gonads, scrotum, fetal circulation
structures
,SECTION 1: HEART ANATOMY & LAYERS (Questions 1-60)
Question 1: The apex of the heart is located at the:
A) 2nd intercostal space
B) 4th intercostal space
C) 5th intercostal space
D) 6th intercostal space
Correct Answer: C) 5th intercostal space
Rationale: The apex of the heart points downward and to the left, located at the
5th intercostal space. The base of the heart is located at the 2nd rib .
Question 2: Which layer of the heart is the thickest and is made of cardiac
muscle?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: B) Myocardium
,Rationale: The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart
responsible for pumping blood. The endocardium is the inner lining, the
epicardium is the outer layer, and the pericardium is the sac surrounding the
heart .
Question 3: What is the "inside layer" of the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: C) Endocardium
Rationale: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart that lines the
chambers and covers the valves. It is composed of simple squamous epithelium .
Question 4: Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: B) Myocardium
, Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart wall that contains
actin, myosin, and troponin, enabling contraction and pumping action .
Question 5: What fluid can be found between the visceral and parietal
pericardium?
A) Blood
B) Serous fluid
C) Cerebrospinal fluid
D) Synovial fluid
Correct Answer: B) Serous fluid
Rationale: The pericardial cavity contains serous fluid, which reduces friction
between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium as the heart beats .
Question 6: What surrounds the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Pericardium
C) Endocardium
D) Epicardium
Correct Answer: B) Pericardium
