TEST BANK
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 7th Edition
By Lynn Lippert
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Topic Questions
I Basic Concepts & Terminology 1-15
II Skeletal System & Articulations 16-25
III Muscular System & Biomechanics 26-35
IV Axial Skeleton: Spine & Thorax 36-50
V Upper Extremity: Shoulder & Scapula 51-65
VI Upper Extremity: Elbow, Wrist & Hand 66-75
VII Lower Extremity: Hip & Pelvis 76-90
VIII Lower Extremity: Knee & Ankle 91-105
IX Gait & Postural Analysis 106-115
X Special Topics & Clinical Applications 116-130
SECTION I: BASIC CONCEPTS & TERMINOLOGY
1. A patient presents with decreased range of motion at the elbow following a distal humeral fracture. The physical
therapist notes that the patient cannot fully extend the elbow. Which anatomical position best describes the patient's
limitation?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Hyperextension
D) Pronation
🔵 B) Extension
Rationale: Extension is the movement that increases the joint angle, moving the limb toward anatomical position. Inability
to fully extend means the patient cannot achieve the straight position at the elbow. Flexion decreases the joint angle, while
,hyperextension extends beyond anatomical position, and pronation involves rotational movement of the forearm.
2. A physical therapist is documenting that a patient's forearm is positioned with the palm facing up. What term should
the therapist use to describe this position?
A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Medial rotation
D) Lateral rotation
🔵 B) Supination
Rationale: Supination of the forearm positions the palm facing anteriorly (up when the elbow is flexed) and the radius and
ulna are parallel. Pronation rotates the palm posteriorly with crossing of the radius over the ulna. Medial and lateral
rotations refer to movements around a vertical axis, typically for the shoulder or hip.
3. A patient is lying face down on the treatment table. Which term best describes this body position?
A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Side-lying
D) Trendelenburg
🔵 B) Prone
Rationale: Prone position means the patient is lying face down with the ventral surface on the table. Supine is face up, side-
lying is on the side, and Trendelenburg is a position where the feet are elevated above the head.
4. A physical therapist instructs a patient to move their arm away from the midline of the body. Which movement is
being performed?
A) Adduction
B) Abduction
C) Flexion
D) Extension
🔵 B) Abduction
Rationale: Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane. Adduction
moves toward the midline. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane and involve decreasing or increasing joint
angles.
5. A patient with a shoulder injury cannot raise their arm above their head. The therapist notes the patient cannot
perform what movement?
A) Flexion to 90°
B) Flexion to 180°
C) Abduction to 90°
D) Adduction to 180°
,🔵 B) Flexion to 180°
Rationale: Full shoulder flexion is 180° from anatomical position, allowing the arm to be raised straight overhead. Flexion to
90° is horizontal (forward arm raise), abduction to 90° is lateral arm raise, and adduction is movement toward the body.
6. Multiple Choice: SATA Which of the following are considered cardinal planes of the body? (Select all that apply)
🔴 A) Sagittal plane
🔴 B) Frontal plane
🔴 C) Transverse plane
🔵 D) Horizontal plane
🔴 E) Coronal plane
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The three cardinal planes are sagittal (divides left and right), frontal/coronal (divides anterior and posterior), and
transverse/horizontal (divides superior and inferior). Both terms for each plane are acceptable, so all options are correct.
The question tests knowledge of synonymous terminology in anatomical planes.
7. A therapist observes a patient's movement and notes the axis of rotation passes through the joint from anterior to
posterior. In which plane is this movement occurring?
A) Sagittal
B) Frontal
C) Transverse
D) Diagonal
🔵 A) Sagittal
Rationale: A sagittal plane movement has an axis that runs from medial to lateral, not anterior to posterior. Wait - this is a
trick question! An anterior-to-posterior axis is characteristic of frontal plane movements (abduction/adduction). However,
the options listed include sagittal, frontal, and transverse. The correct answer here is actually B) Frontal. Let me correct: 🔵
B) Frontal
Rationale: Frontal (coronal) plane movements, such as abduction and adduction, occur around an anterior-posterior axis.
Sagittal plane movements (flexion/extension) occur around a medial-lateral axis. Transverse plane movements (rotation)
occur around a vertical axis.
8. A patient can actively flex their shoulder to 90° but cannot reach 180°. What structural limitation is most likely
responsible?
A) Soft tissue contracture
B) Bony block
C) Pain inhibition
D) Muscle weakness
🔵 A) Soft tissue contracture
Rationale: The inability to achieve full shoulder flexion (180°) with only a 90° range typically indicates capsular or soft tissue
tightness restricting movement. A bony block would likely limit movement at a specific hard endpoint, pain inhibition
would cause inconsistency, and muscle weakness alone would not limit passive range.
, 9. The therapist documents that a patient has "10° of knee hyperextension." What does this indicate?
A) The knee flexes 10° beyond neutral
B) The knee extends 10° beyond neutral
C) The knee is fixed in 10° of flexion
D) The knee rotates 10° internally
🔵 B) The knee extends 10° beyond neutral
Rationale: Hyperextension refers to extension beyond the anatomical (neutral) position. At the knee, neutral is 0° (full
extension), so 10° of hyperextension means the joint extends 10° past straight, creating a recurvatum deformity.
10. Which movement is occurring in the sagittal plane with an axis running from medial to lateral?
A) Shoulder abduction
B) Hip abduction
C) Elbow flexion
D) Head rotation
🔵 C) Elbow flexion
Rationale: Elbow flexion occurs in the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis. Shoulder and hip abduction occur in the
frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis. Head rotation occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis.
11. A patient's radiograph shows the radius and ulna are parallel. What is the position of the patient's forearm?
A) Pronated
B) Supinated
C) Neutral
D) Inverted
🔵 B) Supinated
Rationale: The radius and ulna are parallel in supination and crossed in pronation. This is because the radius rotates around
the ulna at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints during pronation and supination.
12. A therapist instructs a patient to move their foot so that the sole faces medially. What movement is being described?
A) Eversion
B) Inversion
C) Dorsiflexion
D) Plantarflexion
🔵 B) Inversion
Rationale: Inversion is a movement of the foot where the sole faces medially (toward the midline). The subtalar joint
primarily performs this motion. Eversion turns the sole laterally. Dorsiflexion moves the toes toward the shin, and
plantarflexion points the toes down.
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 7th Edition
By Lynn Lippert
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Topic Questions
I Basic Concepts & Terminology 1-15
II Skeletal System & Articulations 16-25
III Muscular System & Biomechanics 26-35
IV Axial Skeleton: Spine & Thorax 36-50
V Upper Extremity: Shoulder & Scapula 51-65
VI Upper Extremity: Elbow, Wrist & Hand 66-75
VII Lower Extremity: Hip & Pelvis 76-90
VIII Lower Extremity: Knee & Ankle 91-105
IX Gait & Postural Analysis 106-115
X Special Topics & Clinical Applications 116-130
SECTION I: BASIC CONCEPTS & TERMINOLOGY
1. A patient presents with decreased range of motion at the elbow following a distal humeral fracture. The physical
therapist notes that the patient cannot fully extend the elbow. Which anatomical position best describes the patient's
limitation?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Hyperextension
D) Pronation
🔵 B) Extension
Rationale: Extension is the movement that increases the joint angle, moving the limb toward anatomical position. Inability
to fully extend means the patient cannot achieve the straight position at the elbow. Flexion decreases the joint angle, while
,hyperextension extends beyond anatomical position, and pronation involves rotational movement of the forearm.
2. A physical therapist is documenting that a patient's forearm is positioned with the palm facing up. What term should
the therapist use to describe this position?
A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Medial rotation
D) Lateral rotation
🔵 B) Supination
Rationale: Supination of the forearm positions the palm facing anteriorly (up when the elbow is flexed) and the radius and
ulna are parallel. Pronation rotates the palm posteriorly with crossing of the radius over the ulna. Medial and lateral
rotations refer to movements around a vertical axis, typically for the shoulder or hip.
3. A patient is lying face down on the treatment table. Which term best describes this body position?
A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Side-lying
D) Trendelenburg
🔵 B) Prone
Rationale: Prone position means the patient is lying face down with the ventral surface on the table. Supine is face up, side-
lying is on the side, and Trendelenburg is a position where the feet are elevated above the head.
4. A physical therapist instructs a patient to move their arm away from the midline of the body. Which movement is
being performed?
A) Adduction
B) Abduction
C) Flexion
D) Extension
🔵 B) Abduction
Rationale: Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane. Adduction
moves toward the midline. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane and involve decreasing or increasing joint
angles.
5. A patient with a shoulder injury cannot raise their arm above their head. The therapist notes the patient cannot
perform what movement?
A) Flexion to 90°
B) Flexion to 180°
C) Abduction to 90°
D) Adduction to 180°
,🔵 B) Flexion to 180°
Rationale: Full shoulder flexion is 180° from anatomical position, allowing the arm to be raised straight overhead. Flexion to
90° is horizontal (forward arm raise), abduction to 90° is lateral arm raise, and adduction is movement toward the body.
6. Multiple Choice: SATA Which of the following are considered cardinal planes of the body? (Select all that apply)
🔴 A) Sagittal plane
🔴 B) Frontal plane
🔴 C) Transverse plane
🔵 D) Horizontal plane
🔴 E) Coronal plane
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The three cardinal planes are sagittal (divides left and right), frontal/coronal (divides anterior and posterior), and
transverse/horizontal (divides superior and inferior). Both terms for each plane are acceptable, so all options are correct.
The question tests knowledge of synonymous terminology in anatomical planes.
7. A therapist observes a patient's movement and notes the axis of rotation passes through the joint from anterior to
posterior. In which plane is this movement occurring?
A) Sagittal
B) Frontal
C) Transverse
D) Diagonal
🔵 A) Sagittal
Rationale: A sagittal plane movement has an axis that runs from medial to lateral, not anterior to posterior. Wait - this is a
trick question! An anterior-to-posterior axis is characteristic of frontal plane movements (abduction/adduction). However,
the options listed include sagittal, frontal, and transverse. The correct answer here is actually B) Frontal. Let me correct: 🔵
B) Frontal
Rationale: Frontal (coronal) plane movements, such as abduction and adduction, occur around an anterior-posterior axis.
Sagittal plane movements (flexion/extension) occur around a medial-lateral axis. Transverse plane movements (rotation)
occur around a vertical axis.
8. A patient can actively flex their shoulder to 90° but cannot reach 180°. What structural limitation is most likely
responsible?
A) Soft tissue contracture
B) Bony block
C) Pain inhibition
D) Muscle weakness
🔵 A) Soft tissue contracture
Rationale: The inability to achieve full shoulder flexion (180°) with only a 90° range typically indicates capsular or soft tissue
tightness restricting movement. A bony block would likely limit movement at a specific hard endpoint, pain inhibition
would cause inconsistency, and muscle weakness alone would not limit passive range.
, 9. The therapist documents that a patient has "10° of knee hyperextension." What does this indicate?
A) The knee flexes 10° beyond neutral
B) The knee extends 10° beyond neutral
C) The knee is fixed in 10° of flexion
D) The knee rotates 10° internally
🔵 B) The knee extends 10° beyond neutral
Rationale: Hyperextension refers to extension beyond the anatomical (neutral) position. At the knee, neutral is 0° (full
extension), so 10° of hyperextension means the joint extends 10° past straight, creating a recurvatum deformity.
10. Which movement is occurring in the sagittal plane with an axis running from medial to lateral?
A) Shoulder abduction
B) Hip abduction
C) Elbow flexion
D) Head rotation
🔵 C) Elbow flexion
Rationale: Elbow flexion occurs in the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis. Shoulder and hip abduction occur in the
frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis. Head rotation occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis.
11. A patient's radiograph shows the radius and ulna are parallel. What is the position of the patient's forearm?
A) Pronated
B) Supinated
C) Neutral
D) Inverted
🔵 B) Supinated
Rationale: The radius and ulna are parallel in supination and crossed in pronation. This is because the radius rotates around
the ulna at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints during pronation and supination.
12. A therapist instructs a patient to move their foot so that the sole faces medially. What movement is being described?
A) Eversion
B) Inversion
C) Dorsiflexion
D) Plantarflexion
🔵 B) Inversion
Rationale: Inversion is a movement of the foot where the sole faces medially (toward the midline). The subtalar joint
primarily performs this motion. Eversion turns the sole laterally. Dorsiflexion moves the toes toward the shin, and
plantarflexion points the toes down.
