Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
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1. First pass Effect - Correct Answer: The phenomenon where the
concentration of a drug is significantly reduced before it reaches systemic
circulation due to metabolism in the liver.
2. Drug tolerance - Correct Answer: A condition in which a person's
reaction to a drug decreases with repeated use, requiring a higher dose to
achieve the same effect.
3. Oral (PO) - Correct Answer: Drugs are taken by mouth and absorbed
through the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Intramuscular (IM) - Correct Answer: Drugs are injected directly into a
muscle.
5. Intravenous (IV) - Correct Answer: Drugs are administered directly into
the bloodstream.
,6. Sublingual (SL) - Correct Answer: Drugs are placed under the tongue for
absorption.
7. Topical - Correct Answer: Drugs are applied directly to the skin or
mucous membranes.
8. Rectal - Correct Answer: Drugs are administered via the rectum.
9. Buccal - Correct Answer: Drugs are placed between the gums and
cheek.
10.Bioavailability - Correct Answer: The proportion of a drug that enters
the circulation when introduced into the body and is available for action.
11.qid - Correct Answer: Four times a day.
12.tid - Correct Answer: Three times a day.
13.stat - Correct Answer: Immediately.
14.prn - Correct Answer: As needed.
15.ac - Correct Answer: Before meals.
, 16.pc - Correct Answer: After meals.
17.Absorption changes between routes of administration - Correct Answer:
Different routes of drug administration affect the absorption and onset of
action.
18.Oral (PO) absorption characteristics - Correct Answer: Slower onset due
to the need for digestion and passage through the epithelial lining of the
gastrointestinal tract, subject to first-pass metabolism.
19.Intramuscular (IM) absorption characteristics - Correct Answer: Faster
than oral, as it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, with absorption rate
varying based on muscle mass and blood flow.
20.Intravenous (IV) absorption characteristics - Correct Answer: Immediate
effect with no barriers to absorption, leading to 100% bioavailability.
21.Sublingual (SL) absorption characteristics - Correct Answer: Rapid
absorption through the mucous membranes, bypassing gastrointestinal
tract and first-pass metabolism.
22.Topical absorption characteristics - Correct Answer: Localized effect with
minimal systemic absorption, effectiveness depends on formulation and
area of application.