NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 2 2026/2027 – STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Innate (natural) resistance - ANS ✔✔defense mechanisms we are born with.
1st line of resistance - ANS ✔✔body's physical barriers; immediate and non-specific
2nd line of resistance - ANS ✔✔inflammation; immediate and non-specific
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - ANS ✔✔3RD line of defense; delayed and specific; able to resist certain
diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
First line of defense - ANS ✔✔skin and mucous membranes
Stressors that can breach skin defense - ANS ✔✔lacerations, abrasions, punctures
Eye's defense - ANS ✔✔tears, eyelashes
sressors that can breach eye's defense - ANS ✔✔dry eye syndrome, sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome - ANS ✔✔autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body
respiratory system defenses - ANS ✔✔mucus and hair in nose; cilia of cells in bronchi; cough reflex
GI system defenses - ANS ✔✔saliva, stomach acid, gag reflex/vomiting, bowels, defecation
Genitourinary system defenses - ANS ✔✔urine flow, vaginal secretions
Inflammation - ANS ✔✔second line of defense; state on Innate defense; immediate and nonspecific
S/S of inflammation - ANS ✔✔swelling, heat, redness and pain
Inflammation Example 1 - ANS ✔✔first line of defense (skin) is breached with a laceration -->clot
formation to stop bleeding-->scab formed to seal breach
Inflammation Example 2 - ANS ✔✔meningitis microbe is inhaled (breaches 1st line of defense mucous
membranes)-->inflammation-->inflammation can't heal on it's own and calls in 3rd line of defense
(immunocyte response)-->acquired immunity
immunocyte response - ANS ✔✔acquired defense; 3rd line of defense; delayed and specific; results in
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
antigens - ANS ✔✔proteins located on the surface of red blood cells (determine blood type)
antibodies - ANS ✔✔Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Innate (natural) resistance - ANS ✔✔defense mechanisms we are born with.
1st line of resistance - ANS ✔✔body's physical barriers; immediate and non-specific
2nd line of resistance - ANS ✔✔inflammation; immediate and non-specific
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - ANS ✔✔3RD line of defense; delayed and specific; able to resist certain
diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
First line of defense - ANS ✔✔skin and mucous membranes
Stressors that can breach skin defense - ANS ✔✔lacerations, abrasions, punctures
Eye's defense - ANS ✔✔tears, eyelashes
sressors that can breach eye's defense - ANS ✔✔dry eye syndrome, sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome - ANS ✔✔autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body
respiratory system defenses - ANS ✔✔mucus and hair in nose; cilia of cells in bronchi; cough reflex
GI system defenses - ANS ✔✔saliva, stomach acid, gag reflex/vomiting, bowels, defecation
Genitourinary system defenses - ANS ✔✔urine flow, vaginal secretions
Inflammation - ANS ✔✔second line of defense; state on Innate defense; immediate and nonspecific
S/S of inflammation - ANS ✔✔swelling, heat, redness and pain
Inflammation Example 1 - ANS ✔✔first line of defense (skin) is breached with a laceration -->clot
formation to stop bleeding-->scab formed to seal breach
Inflammation Example 2 - ANS ✔✔meningitis microbe is inhaled (breaches 1st line of defense mucous
membranes)-->inflammation-->inflammation can't heal on it's own and calls in 3rd line of defense
(immunocyte response)-->acquired immunity
immunocyte response - ANS ✔✔acquired defense; 3rd line of defense; delayed and specific; results in
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
antigens - ANS ✔✔proteins located on the surface of red blood cells (determine blood type)
antibodies - ANS ✔✔Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen.
