UTA NURS 3366 EXAM 2 CONTINUATION RRD #5 2026/2027 – NURSING STUDY
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
leukemia characteristics - ANS ✔✔type of cancer of the hematopoietic system in which there is
uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes causing crowding or bone marrow and decrease production of
normal hematopoietic cells
what is the S&S of leukemia - ANS ✔✔-leukocytosis (uncontrolled proliferation) ex: 50,000 count
-thrombocytopenia (easy bleed and bruising)
-anemia(fatigue, SOB)
-ease of infection
myeloid - ANS ✔✔bone marrow
Myo - ANS ✔✔muscle
what predominant cells are involved in becoming cancerous and specifically in multiple myeloma - ANS
✔✔B-lymphocyes
plasma cells
multiple myeloma cells become malignant and began overproducing __________________ causing what
kind of tumors which increase what - ANS ✔✔-immunoglobulins
-malignant tumors
- increase osteoclastic activity
how does hypercalcemia happen in someone with multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔osteoclast are
hematopoietic cell which chew up bone , but are in overdrive causing bones to be weak and calcium in
the blood
what are the S&S of multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔osteoporosis
hypercalcemia with S&S of confusion, lethargy, weakness, kidney failure, hyper polarization
multiple myeloma tx - ANS ✔✔chemo, radiation, bone marrow transplantation
lymphadenopathy - ANS ✔✔enlarged lymph nodes due to local or system infection
what causes enlarged lymph nodes - ANS ✔✔collection of microbes & fighters (phagocytes,
inflammatory mediators engage in war)
what is a malignant lymph node - ANS ✔✔lymphomas
what is a lymphoma
EX: - ANS ✔✔caner in which certain lymphocytes began to wildly proliferate often clumping together
: Hodgkins lymphoma begins in the neck lg painful mass
, what is the definition of anemia - ANS ✔✔less then goal number of total circulating erythrocytes and or
decrease in the quality of quantity of Hgb
what are some general etiologies anemia can be a result from - ANS ✔✔-decrease in erythropoiesis such
as bone marrow dysfunction, leukemias/ hypersplenism
-loss of RBCs via hemorrhage and or pathologic hemolysis
what are the classification of anemia - ANS ✔✔-shape
-size
-substance
diagnosis of an anemia and its classification by a blood test is called - ANS ✔✔CBC (compete blood
count)
what are the step in classification according to raw numbers and size of a cell - ANS ✔✔1. look at RBC
count normal(males) 4 to 6 million
<4million is anemia
2. look at the MVC (mean corpuscular volume) normal range 80 to 95
pt has microcytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔< 80
pt has normocytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔normal range
pt has macrocytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔>95
other numbers you might see in an anemic pt CBC
-Hbg
-Hct - ANS ✔✔-low hemoglobin(Hgb) normal is 14-18 gm/l
<14 anemia
-low hematocrit(Hct) the percentage of RBCs in blood normal range 42 to 52%
<42% anemia
what is the patho behind microcytic anemia AKA_____________ and some ex of chronic steady loss of
RBC's - ANS ✔✔AKA- iron deficiency
something causes the body to slowly, chronically lose RBC's causing it to "run low" on material
-so over time bone marrow try's to catch up causing smaller RBC's (less mature). this compensatory
response is not enough
EX: women with heavy menses
occult GI bleeding
S/S of microcytic anemia and tx - ANS ✔✔fatigue, weakness sometimes SOB & dull mentation
classification low MCV & low Hbg
tx: stop blood loss if possible and give iron supplements
what are the two patho possibilities of normocytic anemia - ANS ✔✔-rapid blood loss, traumatic
hemorrhage
-chronic disease cause a slow down in production ex: AIDS, lupus, chronic renal failure
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
leukemia characteristics - ANS ✔✔type of cancer of the hematopoietic system in which there is
uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes causing crowding or bone marrow and decrease production of
normal hematopoietic cells
what is the S&S of leukemia - ANS ✔✔-leukocytosis (uncontrolled proliferation) ex: 50,000 count
-thrombocytopenia (easy bleed and bruising)
-anemia(fatigue, SOB)
-ease of infection
myeloid - ANS ✔✔bone marrow
Myo - ANS ✔✔muscle
what predominant cells are involved in becoming cancerous and specifically in multiple myeloma - ANS
✔✔B-lymphocyes
plasma cells
multiple myeloma cells become malignant and began overproducing __________________ causing what
kind of tumors which increase what - ANS ✔✔-immunoglobulins
-malignant tumors
- increase osteoclastic activity
how does hypercalcemia happen in someone with multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔osteoclast are
hematopoietic cell which chew up bone , but are in overdrive causing bones to be weak and calcium in
the blood
what are the S&S of multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔osteoporosis
hypercalcemia with S&S of confusion, lethargy, weakness, kidney failure, hyper polarization
multiple myeloma tx - ANS ✔✔chemo, radiation, bone marrow transplantation
lymphadenopathy - ANS ✔✔enlarged lymph nodes due to local or system infection
what causes enlarged lymph nodes - ANS ✔✔collection of microbes & fighters (phagocytes,
inflammatory mediators engage in war)
what is a malignant lymph node - ANS ✔✔lymphomas
what is a lymphoma
EX: - ANS ✔✔caner in which certain lymphocytes began to wildly proliferate often clumping together
: Hodgkins lymphoma begins in the neck lg painful mass
, what is the definition of anemia - ANS ✔✔less then goal number of total circulating erythrocytes and or
decrease in the quality of quantity of Hgb
what are some general etiologies anemia can be a result from - ANS ✔✔-decrease in erythropoiesis such
as bone marrow dysfunction, leukemias/ hypersplenism
-loss of RBCs via hemorrhage and or pathologic hemolysis
what are the classification of anemia - ANS ✔✔-shape
-size
-substance
diagnosis of an anemia and its classification by a blood test is called - ANS ✔✔CBC (compete blood
count)
what are the step in classification according to raw numbers and size of a cell - ANS ✔✔1. look at RBC
count normal(males) 4 to 6 million
<4million is anemia
2. look at the MVC (mean corpuscular volume) normal range 80 to 95
pt has microcytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔< 80
pt has normocytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔normal range
pt has macrocytic anemia when MVC - ANS ✔✔>95
other numbers you might see in an anemic pt CBC
-Hbg
-Hct - ANS ✔✔-low hemoglobin(Hgb) normal is 14-18 gm/l
<14 anemia
-low hematocrit(Hct) the percentage of RBCs in blood normal range 42 to 52%
<42% anemia
what is the patho behind microcytic anemia AKA_____________ and some ex of chronic steady loss of
RBC's - ANS ✔✔AKA- iron deficiency
something causes the body to slowly, chronically lose RBC's causing it to "run low" on material
-so over time bone marrow try's to catch up causing smaller RBC's (less mature). this compensatory
response is not enough
EX: women with heavy menses
occult GI bleeding
S/S of microcytic anemia and tx - ANS ✔✔fatigue, weakness sometimes SOB & dull mentation
classification low MCV & low Hbg
tx: stop blood loss if possible and give iron supplements
what are the two patho possibilities of normocytic anemia - ANS ✔✔-rapid blood loss, traumatic
hemorrhage
-chronic disease cause a slow down in production ex: AIDS, lupus, chronic renal failure
