NURS 366 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 – NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Identify, manage, educate patients with BPH & prostate cancer. - correct answer ✔✔BPH:
-Difficulty starting urination
-Weaker flow
-Nocturia and increased frequency
-Unrelated to prostate cancer
RFs: Obesity, animal protein, age (70), lack of activity, DM
ED:
-Annual digital rectal exams
-If they had a TURP, teach education on catheterization
Prostate Cancer:
- Pain in lumbosacral to hips/legs and similar LUTS to BPH.
-Asymmetrical during digital rectal exam signifies cancerous growth
-Prostate Specific Antigen and DRE to dx
-High protein, low veggie/fruit diet is a risk factor
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Coronary Artery Disease - correct answer
✔✔Stable angina - Ends 10 minutes, precipitated by exercise
Unstable angina- No precipitating factors
Reversible with meds (nitroglycerins, beta-blockers, Calcium blockers)/diet/lifestyle changes.
Surgery may be needed for PCI Stent (within 90 minutes for STEMI) or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
(CABG).
ABCDEF (stable angina): Antiplatelets/ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers/BP control, calcium channel
blockers/cholesterol management, diet, exercise, flu vaccine. Nitroglycerin
MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerins, aspirin) while in hospital.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Myocardial Infarction - correct answer
✔✔Acute stoppage of blood flow to coronary arteries can either be STEMI (more severe) or NSTEMI.
Treatment options include stents or thrombolytic therapy. Blood flow needs to be restored in 90 minutes
to limit infarct size. Cardiac biomarkers (Troponins T and I) indicate severity of damage and peak 10-24
hours after event. Women have less specific symptoms
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: All forms of Heart Failure - correct answer
✔✔Left HF: Pul. HTN, MI, Valve disease, drugs/alcohol, hyperthyroidism. Can cause fatigue, cyanosis,
pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, tachycardia, S3/4, blood-tinged sputum.
Right HF: Lung disease/high pulmonary pressures. Can cause fatigue, distended jugular, anorexia/GI
distress, weight gain.
, Dx: ECG, CXR, Echo (valve fxn, ej. fraction), Cath (pul. pressures/filling pressures). BNP = Specific to heart
failure (<100=HF) Tx:
Depending on cause meds, O2, rest, stress management, Low sodium, eliminate EtOH. Education should
include fluid restriction, small meals, daily weights, avoid fatigue, advanced directives.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Hypertension - correct answer
✔✔Education/Lifestyle changes most important. 2 factors control: cardiac output and stroke volume.
Activation of RAAS can cause increased SV. Primary or essential:
Cause unknown. Secondary: 5-10% of cases.
RFs: Ethnicity, family hx, gender, age, sedentary lifestyle, diet, weight, smoking/nicotine use, birth
control pills/medications, ETOH, DM, high serum lipids, stress, anxiety
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: GERD - correct answer ✔✔Acid refluxes from
stomach into esophagus. Dx: EGD, Barium swallow Tx: Stop eating 2 hours before bed, find cause, Meds
(PPIs, H2 receptor blockers, antacids). Endoscopic therapy and surgical therapy.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: PUD - correct answer ✔✔Gastric: Burning/gas
pressure in epigastrium. Pain 1-2 hours after eating. H. pylori or NSAIDs cause. More common in women,
higher cancer risk and reoccurance than duodenal. Duodenal: Burning in midepigastrium, can have back
pain. Pain 2-5 hours after eating, midmorning, and middle of the night. Pain relief with food/antacids.
More common in men with high reoccurrence. Tx: Stop NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol. Meds (PPI or H2
antagonists). Abx if H. Pylori
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Hiatal Hernias - correct answer ✔✔Can be
sliding which occurs when patient is supine or rolling (paraesophageal) more severe. Tx similar to GERD.
Fundoplacation is a surgery to permanently correct. Avoid straining/heavy lifting.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: IBD - correct answer ✔✔Crohn's: Involves
small intestine or colon. Involves entire thickness of wall. Most common in distal ileum and colon.
Diarrhea usually without bleeding. Complications: Small bowel cancer, perforation, perianal abscess and
fistulas. Ulcerative Colitis: Only found in mucosal layer. Typically starts in rectum and moves up.
Complications: colorectal cancer, C. Diff, perforation.
Discuss the assessment criteria used to identify problems in urinary elimination. - correct answer
✔✔Health history, post-void residual volume, continence status, fluid balance, urinalysis.
Relate laboratory diagnostic testing in individuals with chronic renal disorders. - correct answer ✔✔CBI:
Used after TURP to clear out blood clots and debris.
Discuss education and expected outcomes of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. -
correct answer ✔✔-Prevention infection
-Maintain fistula or graft for dialysis.
Discuss nursing interventions for maintaining a fistula for hemodialysis vascular access. - correct answer
✔✔-Never perform BP measurements on an arm with a fistula.
-Special clotting and infection prevention precautions (loose clothing)
QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Identify, manage, educate patients with BPH & prostate cancer. - correct answer ✔✔BPH:
-Difficulty starting urination
-Weaker flow
-Nocturia and increased frequency
-Unrelated to prostate cancer
RFs: Obesity, animal protein, age (70), lack of activity, DM
ED:
-Annual digital rectal exams
-If they had a TURP, teach education on catheterization
Prostate Cancer:
- Pain in lumbosacral to hips/legs and similar LUTS to BPH.
-Asymmetrical during digital rectal exam signifies cancerous growth
-Prostate Specific Antigen and DRE to dx
-High protein, low veggie/fruit diet is a risk factor
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Coronary Artery Disease - correct answer
✔✔Stable angina - Ends 10 minutes, precipitated by exercise
Unstable angina- No precipitating factors
Reversible with meds (nitroglycerins, beta-blockers, Calcium blockers)/diet/lifestyle changes.
Surgery may be needed for PCI Stent (within 90 minutes for STEMI) or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
(CABG).
ABCDEF (stable angina): Antiplatelets/ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers/BP control, calcium channel
blockers/cholesterol management, diet, exercise, flu vaccine. Nitroglycerin
MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerins, aspirin) while in hospital.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Myocardial Infarction - correct answer
✔✔Acute stoppage of blood flow to coronary arteries can either be STEMI (more severe) or NSTEMI.
Treatment options include stents or thrombolytic therapy. Blood flow needs to be restored in 90 minutes
to limit infarct size. Cardiac biomarkers (Troponins T and I) indicate severity of damage and peak 10-24
hours after event. Women have less specific symptoms
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: All forms of Heart Failure - correct answer
✔✔Left HF: Pul. HTN, MI, Valve disease, drugs/alcohol, hyperthyroidism. Can cause fatigue, cyanosis,
pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, tachycardia, S3/4, blood-tinged sputum.
Right HF: Lung disease/high pulmonary pressures. Can cause fatigue, distended jugular, anorexia/GI
distress, weight gain.
, Dx: ECG, CXR, Echo (valve fxn, ej. fraction), Cath (pul. pressures/filling pressures). BNP = Specific to heart
failure (<100=HF) Tx:
Depending on cause meds, O2, rest, stress management, Low sodium, eliminate EtOH. Education should
include fluid restriction, small meals, daily weights, avoid fatigue, advanced directives.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Hypertension - correct answer
✔✔Education/Lifestyle changes most important. 2 factors control: cardiac output and stroke volume.
Activation of RAAS can cause increased SV. Primary or essential:
Cause unknown. Secondary: 5-10% of cases.
RFs: Ethnicity, family hx, gender, age, sedentary lifestyle, diet, weight, smoking/nicotine use, birth
control pills/medications, ETOH, DM, high serum lipids, stress, anxiety
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: GERD - correct answer ✔✔Acid refluxes from
stomach into esophagus. Dx: EGD, Barium swallow Tx: Stop eating 2 hours before bed, find cause, Meds
(PPIs, H2 receptor blockers, antacids). Endoscopic therapy and surgical therapy.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: PUD - correct answer ✔✔Gastric: Burning/gas
pressure in epigastrium. Pain 1-2 hours after eating. H. pylori or NSAIDs cause. More common in women,
higher cancer risk and reoccurance than duodenal. Duodenal: Burning in midepigastrium, can have back
pain. Pain 2-5 hours after eating, midmorning, and middle of the night. Pain relief with food/antacids.
More common in men with high reoccurrence. Tx: Stop NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol. Meds (PPI or H2
antagonists). Abx if H. Pylori
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: Hiatal Hernias - correct answer ✔✔Can be
sliding which occurs when patient is supine or rolling (paraesophageal) more severe. Tx similar to GERD.
Fundoplacation is a surgery to permanently correct. Avoid straining/heavy lifting.
Identify & manage patients with the following conditions: IBD - correct answer ✔✔Crohn's: Involves
small intestine or colon. Involves entire thickness of wall. Most common in distal ileum and colon.
Diarrhea usually without bleeding. Complications: Small bowel cancer, perforation, perianal abscess and
fistulas. Ulcerative Colitis: Only found in mucosal layer. Typically starts in rectum and moves up.
Complications: colorectal cancer, C. Diff, perforation.
Discuss the assessment criteria used to identify problems in urinary elimination. - correct answer
✔✔Health history, post-void residual volume, continence status, fluid balance, urinalysis.
Relate laboratory diagnostic testing in individuals with chronic renal disorders. - correct answer ✔✔CBI:
Used after TURP to clear out blood clots and debris.
Discuss education and expected outcomes of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. -
correct answer ✔✔-Prevention infection
-Maintain fistula or graft for dialysis.
Discuss nursing interventions for maintaining a fistula for hemodialysis vascular access. - correct answer
✔✔-Never perform BP measurements on an arm with a fistula.
-Special clotting and infection prevention precautions (loose clothing)
