NSG 5003 Final week 10
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
which human diseases? – answer Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - answerThe
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to -
answerswell because of the influx of sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases -
answerCardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: - answerGiving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? -
answerInflux of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
answerEnzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? -
answerProgrammed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because - answerSodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - answerHemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because - answerATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? - answerDepletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - answerHypoxic injury
, During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because -
answerThe pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - answerIs often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission
of nerve impulses is the ratio between - answerIntracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by
shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? -
answerPotassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: - answerRenal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? -
answerHypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? -
answerParathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: - answerA compensatory measure is
needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? -
answerHypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids
can result in: - answerHypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: - answerRenal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's
electrocardiogram (ECG)? - answerPeaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for
destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? - answerComplement cascade
What is an outcome of the complement cascade? - answerLysis of bacterial cell
membranes
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to: - answerTag of
pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
which human diseases? – answer Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - answerThe
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to -
answerswell because of the influx of sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases -
answerCardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: - answerGiving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? -
answerInflux of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
answerEnzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? -
answerProgrammed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because - answerSodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - answerHemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because - answerATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? - answerDepletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - answerHypoxic injury
, During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because -
answerThe pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - answerIs often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission
of nerve impulses is the ratio between - answerIntracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by
shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? -
answerPotassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: - answerRenal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? -
answerHypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? -
answerParathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: - answerA compensatory measure is
needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? -
answerHypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids
can result in: - answerHypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: - answerRenal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's
electrocardiogram (ECG)? - answerPeaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for
destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? - answerComplement cascade
What is an outcome of the complement cascade? - answerLysis of bacterial cell
membranes
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to: - answerTag of
pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
