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RADIOACTIVITY PHYSICS GCSE AQA complete notes

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Complete notes on the physics topic radioactivity for AQA Includes markscheme answers with practice questions Notes created by a grammar school student

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No




Date




The Hstory the aton

and fhat
1800
could
- Dalton
not
said everything as made fny Spherejafoms)
be divided.

e
J3 Thomson discovered electrons
He suggested atoms 5pneres post five charge
cwere
init
nega tive electronsrandomly embedded
plum pvding model
The Alpha particlescaaffering
at
Pparticles
a Nery thin qold foil
'Kutherord espcnment Avolv ed fnna pha
atom nvclei
to inveshgate the stvucture
qold 's
purpose was


pa nvcleus
partcles
beam

Most particles
alpha went straightthrough atom
" which atom is mostly empty space
shows
few alpha Partces9ot dlected af larqe angle
which shows atom Contains ovcleus -hee maSS afomis. Concentated


Rutheford mocel
tive hucleusat centre
posi afo
negative
electrons arond nvcleus


Niels Bohr adapted model concluding electrons orbit
nvcleuS at cer tain dstances
leyels
energy

• later positive charqe on nucleus could be diided into smallerparticles
each
with Same amount charge -potons
James Chadwick proved neuteonsei3ted

PLUM puDDING MODEL NUCLEAR MOPEL

masS evenly distributed -mass Concerntrated t centre
positive charge spread throughoutatom mainly empty space

elecfons enbedded in positivecharge positivecharge occupies Small paet aton
.a' Sid'masr electonsorbitSome distance fom nucleus




KOKUYO OOSE-LEAF -816B 6nm ruledX41 ines

, Date




Curent nuclear model maSS charge
proton
oeuton
electron electron -|
proton neutron

Distance at which an electron orbits at is changed when i
-Electron absorbs EM radiation
- an d mores further from nucleuS
- to higher energy level

Isotopes
atoms with Same number Pro tons bvt different
number o nevtrons

they are differ
eat forms the 3ame. element
masS
atomic numbec renains Same element X



mass nunber varies atomie


• unstable Sofopes i are radioactye meaning they decay to form o thec
elements and qive out adaton.

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Uploaded on
August 17, 2026
Number of pages
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