NUR 2063 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Role of Golgi body.
Answer: stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for
proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell.
◉ Where is extracellular fluid found?.
Answer: outside the cell
◉ Where is ECF located in the body?.
Answer: found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid,
and the GI secretions.
◉ Where is intracellular fluid located?.
Answer: inside the cell
◉ Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?.
Answer: found inside of cells, cytosol.
◉ Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?.
,Answer: sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
◉ Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF.
Answer: potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low
concentration of sodium and chloride.
◉ What is passive transport?.
Answer: substances move from a high to low concentration, without
energy. Natural
◉ What is active transport?.
Answer: substances move against their concentration gradient with
the help of ATP. Low to High.
◉ What is diffusion?.
Answer: molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment.
Passive transport used. Goes from high to low concentration and
higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
◉ What is osmosis?.
Answer: allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial
spaces and intracellular compartments. Water goes low to high.
High: high solute concentration to low water concentration
,Low: low solute concentration to high water concentration
◉ Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake).
Answer: Food, Drink, IV access.
◉ Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output).
Answer: Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound
drainages, NG secretions.
◉ What is dehydration?.
Answer: when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from
ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink as concentration increases.
◉ What are the causes of dehydration?.
Answer: hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
water deprivation, diuretic abuse, DM.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?.
Answer: dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output,
weight loss, mental confusion, hypovolemic shock.
◉ What is hypotonic hydration?.
, Answer: Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water
is taken in too fast or the kidneys cannot rid the fluid fast enough
(renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF increases, while
osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
◉ What things can cause hypertonic hydration?.
Answer: Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much
water too fast. ` (Hyponatremia).
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?.
Answer: leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral
edema (brain cells can swell and burst) , convulsions, coma and
death.
◉ What is edema?.
Answer: accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to
tissue swelling.
◉ What are the causes of edema?.
Answer: Increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to
interstitial compartments or decrease in the opposite.
◉ What are some of the factors that encourage edema?.
2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Role of Golgi body.
Answer: stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for
proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell.
◉ Where is extracellular fluid found?.
Answer: outside the cell
◉ Where is ECF located in the body?.
Answer: found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid,
and the GI secretions.
◉ Where is intracellular fluid located?.
Answer: inside the cell
◉ Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?.
Answer: found inside of cells, cytosol.
◉ Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?.
,Answer: sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
◉ Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF.
Answer: potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low
concentration of sodium and chloride.
◉ What is passive transport?.
Answer: substances move from a high to low concentration, without
energy. Natural
◉ What is active transport?.
Answer: substances move against their concentration gradient with
the help of ATP. Low to High.
◉ What is diffusion?.
Answer: molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment.
Passive transport used. Goes from high to low concentration and
higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
◉ What is osmosis?.
Answer: allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial
spaces and intracellular compartments. Water goes low to high.
High: high solute concentration to low water concentration
,Low: low solute concentration to high water concentration
◉ Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake).
Answer: Food, Drink, IV access.
◉ Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output).
Answer: Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound
drainages, NG secretions.
◉ What is dehydration?.
Answer: when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from
ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink as concentration increases.
◉ What are the causes of dehydration?.
Answer: hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
water deprivation, diuretic abuse, DM.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?.
Answer: dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output,
weight loss, mental confusion, hypovolemic shock.
◉ What is hypotonic hydration?.
, Answer: Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water
is taken in too fast or the kidneys cannot rid the fluid fast enough
(renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF increases, while
osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
◉ What things can cause hypertonic hydration?.
Answer: Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much
water too fast. ` (Hyponatremia).
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?.
Answer: leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral
edema (brain cells can swell and burst) , convulsions, coma and
death.
◉ What is edema?.
Answer: accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to
tissue swelling.
◉ What are the causes of edema?.
Answer: Increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to
interstitial compartments or decrease in the opposite.
◉ What are some of the factors that encourage edema?.
