NUR_2063_ESSENTIALS_OF_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY_EXAM_PREPARATION_PACK_2026.pdf

NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM PREPARATION PACK 2026 KEY
CONCEPTS AND REVISION NOTES

◉ Inflammation of the stomach lining
Answer: Gastritis


◉ Postprandial discomfort
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
Answer: S/S of Gastritis


◉ A break or ulceration in the protective mucosa lining of the lower
esophagus (LES), stomach, or duodenum.
Answer: Peptic Ulcer Disease


◉ H. pylori
NSAIDs
Answer: Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease

,◉ Burning pain on empty stomach
Eating relieves pain
Life-threatening complications, such as GI bleeding, may occur with
no warning.
Answer: S/S of Peptic Ulcer Disease


◉ Bleeding between menstrual periods
Answer: Metrorrhagia


◉ Bleeding from endometrium during ovulation
Uterine malignancy
Cervical erosions
Endometrial polyps
Estrogen therapy
Answer: Metrorrhagia Causes


◉ Deficient amount of menstrual flow; reduced flow
Answer: Hypomenorrhea


◉ Endocrine or systemic disorders interfering with hormones
Partial obstruction of menstrual flow

, Answer: .Hypomenorrhea Causes


◉ Infrequent menstruation
Answer: Oligomenorrhea


◉ Endocrine/systemic disorder causing failure to ovulate
Answer: Oligomenorrhea Cause


◉ Increased frequency of menstruation
Answer: Polymenorrhea


◉ Endocrine/systemic disorder causing ovulation
Answer: Polymenorrhea Cause


◉ Increase in amount or duration of bleeding; prolonged and heavy
bleeding
Answer: .Menorrhagia


◉ Lesions of reproductive organs
Answer: Menorrhagia Cause